【作者】 董良雄；

【导师】 胡国梁；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 增压锅炉是船用蒸汽动力装置的核心设备，为确保安全，锅炉的自动控制十分重要。汽包水位是锅炉运行的主要指标，而由于各方面因素的影响，锅炉水位一直存在测不准且难以控制的问题，这种现象在动态特性变化特别大的船用增压锅炉中更加严重。为解决这一重要问题，本文做了以下工作：1)根据船舶锅炉的工作原理，通过对锅炉汽包水位的动态特性的分析，得到锅炉汽包水位调节对象的变化规律，并通过一定的假设和简化，得到汽包水位近似数学模型。然后对锅炉的汽包水位控制算法进行了深入地分析，针对船用增压锅炉水位这种具有非线性、参数不稳定、难以建立精确的数学模型的控制对象，分析了控制的最优方法，利用Simulink对控制系统进行了在干扰作用下的仿真。2)设计了锅炉综和检测控制装置，实现了水位信号的高精度的采集和处理，采用了各种有效的水位显示和故障报警方法，采用锅炉的水位二冲量控制系统和PID的控制模式，能有效克服假水位的影响，基于锅炉运行安全的考虑，对控制器实现冗余设计。3)为了使程序的组装、调试及控制系统方案变更更加方便，也为了能够推广到其它过程控制对象，程序设计中采用了模块化的结构形式、各功能模块以子程序形式出现。利用监控装置与机舱集中控制台上位机的通讯，实现了锅炉运行参数的在线修改，数据自动保存等功能。系统采用友好的人机界面，方便了人员的管理。本设计利用微计算机构成锅炉运行参数自动检测和控制系统，利用计算机软件代替数目众多的模拟式工业自动化仪表，组成具有特殊功能的控制系统。利用先进的微计算机技术改造落后的传统工业，使系统能很好的适应船用锅炉的实际特点。事实证明该系统控制效果良好，较好地实现了预期的控制要求，符合现代船舶机舱监控的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supercharge boiler is the kernel equipment of steam dynamical device in ship. In order to ensure its security, the auto-control of it is very inportant. The boiler water level is a mostly index of boiler function. Because of the influence of all aspect ,it can not be exactly measure at all times. This phenomenon is more bad in marine boiler whose dynamic characteristic changed greatly .For solving the emergent problem, This paper does some work as follows:1) The thesis bases on the marine boiler principle of work by analysing the dynamic property of boiler drum water level, gets the variety rule of boiler drum water level, and through certain suppose and predigest, gets the approximate model. Then the thesis lucubrate the arithmetic of boiler drum water level, based on the characteristic of the boiler of ship which is inlinearity, instability parameter, and diffcultly to build accurate math model, the best mothod for controlling the water-level is analysed, and the simulation with the Simulink on control system is carried out under the action of noise.2) We designed the boiler monitoring device which realized high precision collection and treatment of the water-level .The system takes effective method of water level display , malfunction alarm and forecast, and uses control model of three- variable and PID control in the drum water level. It can efficiently overcome the influence of fake water level. Thinking of safety, we realized redundancy controlling.3) For making procedure assembling, debugging and change of control system project more convenient, and also for expanding the other process control of the object, We adopt modularized construction form in the procedure design and each function module appear in the sub-procedure form. By communicating with engine room centralized console, we realized online modificating working parameter and autosaving boiler work data. It is convenience for people to supervise by designing a friendly interface between people and machine in computer .The design makes use of the tiny computer to compose of boiler movement parameters and the automatic examination of control the system, and makes use of the computer software to replace numerous industrial emulate-type automatic meter and to constitute the control system with special function, and makes use of the advanced tiny computer technique to reform the traditional unenlightened industry . The system can well fit the practicability characteristic of the ship boiler . This scheme made a good result and realized the anticipative control requirement that are in accordance with the require of engine room monitoring in modern times ship.更多还原