【作者】 范太伟；

【导师】 赵长增； 滕元文；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 果树学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 甘肃梨部分地方品种原产于中国甘肃省中部包括兰州、临夏、临洮等地,具有良好的应用前景。但是迄今为止,缺乏对甘肃梨地方品种和类型的遗传多样性评价和亲缘关系的研究,限制了对其合理利用。本研究采用SSR和AFLP标记技术,对原产中国甘肃的47个地方梨品种或类型做了鉴定,并对其遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析,主要结果如下:(1)用6对SSR特异性引物对甘肃中部46个梨品种或类型的多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析,结果表明期望杂合度指数范围在0.446到0.738之间,平均为0.639。香农多样性指数范围在0.897到1.489之间,均值为1.217。这些数据表明甘肃中部地区梨属植物资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。采用UPGMA聚类分析法构建的系统树将供试梨品种或类型分为7个大组:木梨组、白梨组、秋子梨组、褐梨组、西洋梨组和两个可能以秋子梨为基本种而形成的复杂的种间杂种组。唯一的砂梨品种黄花梨包含在白梨组中。新疆梨的五个品种没有独立成组,而是分别包含在木梨、白梨及秋子梨组中。一些原来根据形态学无法归类的品种和类型分别和木梨、白梨和西洋梨聚合在一起,显示出和这些梨系统的亲缘关系;木梨虽然采集地相对集中,但也显示出丰富的遗传多样性。(2)采用AFLP分子标记技术对甘肃梨种质资源关系进行了分析,结果表明6对AFLP引物在40份甘肃梨种质中共扩增出472条带,多态性带为404条,多态性比例为86%。供试甘肃梨种质在相似系数为0.72时将40份种质分为木梨、白梨、西洋梨、新疆梨、褐梨以及两个秋子梨等共7个大组,一些归属不清的品种也分别被归到秋子梨组内,阐明了甘肃中部部分梨品种之间的亲缘关系,揭示出甘肃中部地方梨遗传资源比较丰富的遗传多样性。总的来说,两种标记的分析结果较为一致,在梨属品种鉴别、遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析上稳定、有效。充分说明了甘肃中部地方梨资源具有丰富的遗传多样性和复杂的亲缘关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Gansu local pears originnated in the middle of Gansu province including the areas of Lanzhou、Linxia、Lintao.Those pears are valuable and precious,which have great applied value in the industry of pears,but the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among these local pears was unknown so far, which limite the use of these resource. So diversity and genetic relationship of 47 accessions of pear germplasm native to the middle area of Gansu Province in China were analyzed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)markers, which displayde the diversity and genetic relationship of these pears in the below:At first, genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 46 accessions of pear germplasm native to the middle area of Gansu Province in China were analyzed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker with 6 pairs of SSR primers. The range of heterozygosity was between 0.446 and 0.738 with an average of 0.639; and the range of Shannon information index was between 0.897 and 1.489 with an average of 1.217. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, 46 pear accessions could be obviously divided into 7 major groups, of which 7 groups were generally consistent with morphological classification: P. xerophila Yu, P. pyrifolia Nakai var. sinensis Y. Teng et K. Tanabe (Chinese white pears), P. ussuriensis Maxim, P. phaeocarpa Rehd. and P. communis L, and the other two groups were composed of unknown types showing some more affinities to P. ussuriensis.‘Huanghuali’belonging to P. pyrifolia was grouped with Chinese white pears. Five accessions of P. sinkiangensisYu were not clustered together into the same group, but scattered to groups of P. xerophila, Chinese white pear and P. ussuriensis, respectively. Some accessions that couldn’t be classified according to morphology were clustered with P. xerophila, Chinese white pear or P. communis, which displayed genetic relationship among those pear accessions. Though P. xerophila accessions were sampled in the narrow region, they also showed the abundant genetic diversity.In the second place genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 40 accessions of pear germplasm native to the middle area of Gansu Province in China were also analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)marker with 6 pairs of AFLP primers. The total number of 472 bands were amplified with which the polymorphic bands were 404,the rate of polymorphic is 86%. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, 40 pear accessions could be obviously divided into 7 major groups by the coefficient of 0.72 in the map of clustering, of which 7 groups were generally consistent with morphological classification: P. xerophila Yu, P. pyrifolia Nakai var. sinensis Y. Teng et K. Tanabe (Chinese white pears)、P. communis L、P. sinkiangensis Yu、P. phaeocarpa Rehd and two other P. ussuriensis Maxim which contained unknown types of pears that showing some more affinities to P. ussuriensis.Those results showed not only abundant the genetic relationship but also genetic diversity among the pear accessions in the middle of Gansu Province.In the whole, SSR and AFLP are two effective molecule markers to indentified the pears from the middle areas of Gansu province,which displayed the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among them.更多还原