监狱企业性质及制度变迁

【作者】 覃海波；

【导师】 杨小勇；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 工商管理， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】兼论我国监狱体制改革

【摘要】 监狱是国家的刑罚执行机关，监狱企业是因监狱的产生而出现的特殊企业，是监狱的重要组成部分，具有改造罪犯和创造经济增量的二重属性。本文在国内首次运用现代企业理论和其分析范式解释了财政投入失败引起监狱企业二重属性权重结构严重失衡，从而导致监狱职能异化的成因：二重属性权重交替上升导致交易成本变化，当经济属性权重大于改造属性权重时，监狱企业性质发生变化，“企业化演进”为一般国有企业，有损于监狱刑罚执行效率的提高；当改造属性权重大于经济属性权重时，资产专用性程度高，表明政府加大了财政投入并可使监狱企业充分发挥为罪犯改造服务的功能，有益于监狱刑罚执行效率的提高。罪犯和资产的纵向一体化下监狱企业交易成本最低，对应的企业治理结构和企业组织形式最优，治理成本最小，据此，可将监狱企业定位于公营企业。监狱企业制度是会变迁的，制度设计与选择的依据就是交易成本的大小，当一种制度能带来较低的交易成本时，该制度是较优的；当制度不均衡带来获利机会时，监狱企业会发生有损于监狱刑罚执行效率提高的诱致性制度变迁，当政策失败影响到政府效用最大化时，消除政策失败原因的欲望导致强制性制度变迁的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The jail is the legal penalty machinery of the country. The jail enterprise is a kind of special enterprise, it bechances along with the jail generation, and it is one of important component of the jail, it is different from the state-sponsored enterprise, it is founded, in order to provide enough reclaiming locations for criminals. The jail enterprise has the double attribute, that is, the reclaiming attribute and the economical attribute. Firm Theory can explain the reason how the heterogeneous proportion of the double attribute within the jail enterprise that is caused by the government financial investment defeat and leads the dissimilation of the jail function, the change of proportion of the double attribute between the reclaiming and the economy will cause the transaction cost to change, the nature of the jail enterprise will change when the proportion of economical attribute is more bigger than the proportion of reclaiming attribute, the jail enterprise will transform common stat-sponsored enterprise, instead of reducing the jail efficiency, on the other hand, when the proportion of reclaiming attribute is more bigger than the proportion of economical attribute, the asset specificity will be higher, it shows that the government financial investment can buy the opportunity cost of the economical attribute, while the economical attribute of the jail enterprise adheres the reclaiming attribute, which causes the lowest transaction cost of the jail enterprise in the condition of the criminals within the asset in terms of vertical integration, then the governing structure of the firm is optimal, it causes the lowest transaction cost and the highest efficiency, accordingly, jail enterprise should be delimited to the public enterprise.The institution will be changed, the definition of institutional vicissitude depends on the magnitude transaction cost, the institution causes the lowest transaction cost, and then it is the best one. When the heterogeneous institution causes profits, the jail enterprise will arise to institutional spontaneity -vicissitude, which would reduce higher efficiency of the penalty of the jail, when the police defeat impacts the maxim avail of the government, the government wishes that it would sublate the ingredient of the police defeat and lead the institutional mandatory vicissitude through the extraordinary law.更多还原