车床的数控化改造设计

【作者】 周华斌；

【导师】 何锋； 蒋均；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 机械工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 GE5-1000S西班牙生产的管子车床主要用于加工油管螺纹及对原有油管螺纹进行修复。由于该机床在控制方面的设计与国内同类型机床有很大差异，造成操作者在实际操作时不习惯，导致在安装调试后的几年内，不能投入使用。为解决问题，同时提高加工的自动化程度，我们提出对该车床进行数控改造。本文介绍了用NUM1040T数控系统对管子车床的改造设计方法，重点阐述了机床的电气设计、PLC程序编制与调试以及螺纹重复切削功能实现三方面的问题。NUM-1040T数控系统是一种开放式的功能强大的数控系统，该系统除具备与其它数控系统相同的基本功能外，还具有“螺纹重复切削”功能，可对工件原有螺纹进行修复并且不出现乱扣现象。针对该机床的结构特点，为它配备了NUM1040T数控系统及性能良好的BPH系列伺服电动机(X轴：22N·m，Z轴：36N·m)和MDLA系列驱动系统，并在主轴箱内安装了编码器。主电路设计：主轴变速及正、反转控制采用西门子伺服系统进行驱动；数控刀架正、反转通过改变电路相序来实现；主控电路设计主要完成数控系统、主轴电机、数控刀架以及驱动系统供电及其控制。利用NUM数控系统提供的PLCTOOL软件开发了该机床的PLC控制程序，实现了PLC输入输出端与机床面板信号联结、PLC输出端与机床强电信号联结、PLC输入端与CNC机床数控装置I/O口的联结及CNC加工代码G、M、T的实现。文中分析了NUM数控系统中特有的螺纹修复功能原理，通过对G38+、G33编程语句中变量的理解，完成了对损坏较轻的螺纹保证刀具对准原螺纹槽进行的修复车削，有效地提高了油管螺纹的加工效率，同时节省了管材和刀具。在应用G38+功能后，使所加工的螺纹精度达到了API标准。利用NUM-1040T数控系统对GE5-1000S西班牙管螺纹车床改造后，该机床操作方便，降低了操作者的劳动强度，提高了生产率，经测试各项技术指标均已达到工业标准，系统运行平稳。更多还原

【Abstract】 The GE5-1000s tube-lather, which was made in Spain, was mainly used for processing the petroleum pipeline thread and fixing the original pipeline thread. Because there are quite difference of the same kind of machine tool in the design of control system between that of the overseas and of the local, the operator feel not better to use the machine tool at actual operation. As a result the machine tool could not work after the machine tool was install and adjust in several years. To solve this problem, and at the time to improve the automatic degree, we put forward to use the numerical control system alter the machine tool.The altering design of the tube-lather of using the NUM1040T, the number controls system, was introduced in this text. Three point problems, altering of machine tool electric, PLC control and implement of the function of resumption of thread cutting, were expatiated.NUM-1040T numerical control system is an open and powerful numerical system. Besides the basic functions of the others numerical control system, it has the continuously function of resumption thread cutting, which is cutting the thread continue the originally thread and without the phenomenon of different thread. According to the characteristics of the machine’ s structure, the machine has been configured the NUM1040T numerical controls system and NUMDRIVE numerical servo. The BPH electromotor has been installed in two enter coordinates respectively (X:22N·m, Z:36N·m). And we have installed the coder in the headstock.The designs of the main circuit: the shift gears of the spindle and control of positive or reversal implemented drive by SIMENS servo system; To implement of the positive or reversal of the numerical control knife rest, we should change the phrase order of the circuit. The main tasks of the design work about the main circuit are as follows: the numerical control system; principal axis electric machinery; numerical control knife rest and control circuit of the drive system.Using the PLCTOOL software, which provide by the NUM numerical control system, we have write the programs of PLC control; have realized the signal join between the I/O of PLC and the control panel; the joint between the PLC export and the power electric signal of the machine tool; the joint between the PLC input and I/O of the numerical control installation of CNC machine tool and the implement of the CNC process code and G, M, T.The distinctive function and theory of resumption of thread cutting of the NUM system were analyzed in this paper. Under the comprehension of the G38+, G33+ program’ s variable, Cutting tool aim at the old thread, we have finished the resumption of thread cutting of the old thread, which was lightly destroyed. It has greatly improved the efficiency of producing tube thread, at the same time; it has save the tube materials and cutting tools. After applied the G38+ functiongs, the precision of the artifact thread has reached to the API standard.Using the special functions of repairing thread of the NUM system, correct using the programs dictate of G38+, we can repair the original threads, which light destroy thread by ensuring the knife aim at the original thread.更多还原