贵州兴仁铊矿化区土壤中铊的环境地球化学

【作者】 王春梅；

【导师】 张杰；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 贵州兴仁滥木厂矿区是世界上首例报道的独立铊矿床，在资源的开采中必定会存在许多环境问题。本文在对生态环境地球化学、环境地球化学、环境工程学及土壤重金属污染研究现状进行综述的基础上，对贵州兴仁滥木厂土壤的铊、汞、砷等有毒有害元素的土壤空间分布、存在形态并结合土壤的淋洗试验，进行了测试、分析研究，讨论了在治理当地铊污染过程中应该注意的问题。我国拥有丰富的含铊矿产资源，在含铊资源开发利用的过程中，大量的铊被释放进入空气、水体和土壤，并通过食物链进入生物和人体，逐步积累，引发人类群体慢性铊中毒事件或地方病。随着我国经济的快速发展，对资源的需求量越来越大，开采和利用量也越来越大，由此带来的铊环境污染也越来越严重。然而对含铊资源开采利用所带来的环境污染问题的研究却很少，因而，开展铊的环境地球化学的研究工作具有重要的意义。本文采集了土壤样品37件，利用AES电弧发射光谱、原子荧光测试技术和分级形态分析手段，对样品中的铊、汞、砷含量和形态进行了分析研究，研究表明(1)大量的铊、汞、砷元素在自然淋滤过程中从矿渣进入土壤，铊、汞、砷三种元素含量在土壤(主要是耕作土壤)中的空间分布规律具有相关性，通过土壤元素含量和土壤理化性质分析，表明研究区土壤的污染状况比较严重，发现土壤中有机质与这三种元素的也存在着明显的相关关系。(2)土壤污染物的形态分析能够说明土壤重金属对植物、动物及微生物的毒害程度，因此形态研究在评价土壤重金属污染中具有重要作用。(3)土壤的客上治理方法在运用过程中应该充分考虑到重金属的迁移规律，在治理过程中运用各种方法达到防治土壤重金属污染的最佳效果。矿渣长期的淋滤将会加重土壤污染的程度，铊污染所引起的生态环境恶化直接关系到公众的健康利益。因此，铊污染的研究和防治已经成了一个不容忽视的环境问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lanmuchang thallium ore area in Xingren of Guizhou is a independent deposit which was reported firstly in the world and there must be a lot of environment issues in the course of exploitation. Based on the summarization of the ecological environmental geochemistry, environmental geochemistry, environmental engineering science and research situation of the soil heavy metals pollution, the distribution and existing form of these three poisonous elements, thallium, mercury, arsenic in the soil from the Lanmuchang ore area have been studied in this paper. By the method of leaching experiment, the soil is tested and analyzed. The questions, which shall be cared in the course of prevention of thallium pollution, have been discussed in this paper.There are abundant of thallium ore resources in our country. A lot of thallium is released into air, water and soil in the course of exploitation. The thallium can enter into the body of human and living through the way of food chain, and accumulate gradually in the body, then cause chronic thallium poisoning of human groups or endemic disease. With the rapid development of economy, the quantity demanded of resources is becoming larger and larger, so do the quantity of exploitation and utilization, as a result, the environmental pollution of thallium becomes worse and worse. However, little study on environmental pollution problems caused by exploitation of thallium resources has been done. So studying the environmental geochemistry of thallium element is of great meaning.By the method of AES arc emission spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence detection technique, graded form analysis, the content and morphosis of three elements thallium, mercury, arsenic in the 37 pedotheques collected from the ore area have been studied and analyzed in this paper. Shown from study that there are three results as follows: (1)a lot of thallium ,mercury, arsenic come into the soil from the slag through natural leaching; the space distribution of three elements’ content in the soil is relative to each other. Through analyzing the content and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, we find that the soil pollution state of the area is very bad and there is an apparent relation between the organic matter and these three elements; (2)the morphosis analysis of the soil contaminant can explain the poisoning degree of the soil heavy metal to the plant, animal and microbe, so it plays a main role in estimating the soil heavy metal pollution; (3) it ought to think over the heavy metal’s transport disciplinarian during the process of carrying out the method of incorporation with extra soil, and various methods should be used in preventing of the soil heavy metal pollution to obtain the optimal effect.The soil pollution should be worse because of the long period of leaching of the slag, and the deterioration of environment by thallium pollution has a close connection with people’s health. So the research and prevention of thallium pollution have become environmental issues which can not be ignored.更多还原