【作者】 姚茉莉；

【导师】 张诗亚；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育学原理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 少数民族的民族语言不仅是维护其民族文化最好的工具，也是本民族儿童学习其他语言必不可少的基础和发展逻辑思维能力唯一的立足点。这是双语教学在我国少数民族基础教育中一直占有主体地位的主要原因。双语教学在我国少数民族地区已经开展了较长一段时间，对双语教学的研究也早不是新话题，但由于双语教学模式因地区文化间的差异具有多样化，笼统地谈双语教学并不能有效指导某一个地区的民族教育发展。双语教学自身的复杂性和文化的多样性要求我们对双语教学的研究也必须因时因地制宜。双语文教学是双语教学的一种，是把汉语文字和民族文字同步加入教学，让民族儿童在学习本民族文化的基础上学习主流文化。这种双语文教学在五六十年代曾经风靡一时，后由于某些历史原因被搁置，目前又在我国部分少数民族地区推行。但究竟双语文教学的效果如何以及应该如何规范双语文教学的发展都还没有定论。宰荡双语文教学七年的教育实践证明这种教学方式在提高当地学生的学习成绩和促进该地区的民族文化传承上都有着积极的作用，但却面临着不能继续开展下去的困境。为总结宰荡双语文教学的先进经验并找出影响其顺利发展的不利因素，本论文对贵州省榕江县宰荡侗汉双语文教学项目的开展方式和实施效果以及不利因素进行了研究。本研究以田野考察为主，采用问卷法和访谈法，同时结合相关文献分析和理论指导。通过实地考察发现，宰荡双语文教学在提高当地儿童的学习成绩方面和保护改地区的民族文化传承方面都取得了显著成绩。其具体原因有：首先，从母语学习过渡到汉语符合少数民族儿童认识客观事务的规律、减少了少数民族儿童在学习中的心理负担；其次，符合少数民族儿童学习第二语言的心理发展过程、增强了学生的学习兴趣；再次，母语的使用和学习加深了当地儿童的民族感情，有利于增强民族认同和发扬民族文化。另外在对该项目的调查中找出了影响其下一步顺利开展的主要原因是缺乏相关行政部门的支持和缺少一套规范的双语文教育体系作指导。笔者在对既往研究进行总结的基础上，针对以宰荡为代表的双语文教学存在的困境，对如何建立一套较为科学规范的双语文教学管理体系提出构想。这套双语文教学管理体系包括：在保证有专门的教育经费作支撑的基础上建立一套针对双语文教学的考核和管理制度，规范双语文师资培训制度和加大对双语文教学的科研力度。民族教育的良好发展不仅需要足够的人力、物力和财力的投入，还需要有更多的人加入到对少数民族教育的研究中来。本研究从理论意义上来说是对目前紧缺的双语文研究文献的充实，对规范和完善双语教学体系的一种尝试；从现实意义上说对宰荡侗汉双语文教学经验和不足的研究对宰荡以及与宰荡类似的少数民族地区如何开展双语文教学也有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mother tongue, for the minority students, is not only the best tool for protecting local culture, but the only stand to learn other languages and develop their ideation. That’s why bilingual education has always been the principal part in China’s Ethical basic education. Bilingual education has been exercised for a long time in China’s ethical area. Due to the difference on culture, the modes of bilingual education are various. The general researches on bilingual education can’t help instruct the development of ethical education. The complexity of bilingual education and diversity of culture request the research on bilingual education should adjust the measures of local conditions.Bilingual culture and education teaching, which teaches mother language and Han language at the same time, is one of the forms of bilingual education. The purpose of bilingual culture and education teaching is instructing the minority students to learn Han culture on the basis of learning ethical culture. Bilingual culture and education teaching was quite popular in 1950s and 1960s, but was intermitted by some historical reasons. Now some minority areas of China have begun this kind of teaching method again. But there still no conclusion about how bilingual culture and education teaching’s effect and how to constitute the standard of its implements. The seven years’ practice of bilingual culture and education teaching in Zaidang elementary school shows that this method have a very good effect not only on improving students’ scores, but on accelerating inherit and developing ethical cultures. Unfortunately, it has to face the trouble of halting. To summarize the good experience of Zaidang’s bilingual culture and education teaching and do a research on its impediments, we did a research on the effects and the disadvantages of Zaidang’s bilingual culture and education teaching in Rongjiang county in Giuzhou province.On the basis of fieldwork, the research adopted questionnaire, interview and literate search together. By the investigation on Zaidang’s bilingual culture and education teaching, the thesis found that it has a very good effect in accelerating the development of children’s intelligence and protecting local culture. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, the transition from mother language to Han language obeys the children’s order of meeting things and learning a second language. Secondly, it lessens the children’s mental pressure on study and improves their curiosity of learning. Finally, learning of mother language, which enhances the minority children’s ethical feeling, is a wonderful way for protecting and transmitting ethical culture. The investigation also found the main reasons of blocking the further development of two-Chinese teaching. The first reason is lacking of administrative support, and the second one is there is not a scientific education system to guide its development. Aimed at those problems, the thesis proposed some suggestions on building a scientific management system of bilingual culture and education teaching. The system should include these qualifications: an unaided financial support, a particular management means on bilingual culture and education teaching, a standard process of training teacher staff and a scientific research on bilingual culture and education teaching.The developments of minority education not only need enough devotion from manpower, material resources and finance support, but also need more people join into the career of minority education research. This thesis has a academic meaning in enriching the research on bilingual culture and education teaching, and it is a try in building the scientific management system of bilingual culture and education teaching. Furthermore, the research on Zaidang’s bilingual culture and education teaching also have a practical meaning in guiding how to actualize bilingual culture and education teaching in the ethical areas, such as Zaidang and the places similar with it.更多还原