【作者】 王靖；

【导师】 劳继红；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题选择亚麻栉梳机落麻为原料，重点研究其化学脱胶、漂白和柔软整理工艺，以达到与丝混纺的要求。主要内容包括：1．对亚麻短纤的碱煮处理。首先制定实验工艺流程，然后对碱煮部分的预酸处理、碱煮练和后处理工序分别进行研究。在预酸处理工序中，通过单因子实验及正交实验，比较酸浓度、处理温度、处理时间对预酸处理效果的影响程度，并得出最佳处理工艺。在碱煮练工序中，仍采用单因子的方法，对碱浓度、处理时间和化学助剂的用量进行探讨，得出最佳工艺参数；在此工艺基础上，优选出复煮练工艺，并与单煮练的煮练效果进行对比，考虑到工业成本，仍采用单煮练形式。在后处理的水洗工序中，通过对比实验，得出在水洗中施加机械外力能较大程度的改善纤维性能。2．对亚麻短纤的漂白处理。通过单因子实验，在几种化学助剂中，选择最有利于漂白的助剂配方，并得出最佳浓度参数。然后，采用单因子实验详细分析了各种影响因素(过氧化氢浓度、漂白时间、温度)对漂白效果的影响，并确定氧漂工艺参数。接着在单氧漂的最佳工艺基础上，优选出双氧漂的工艺条件，并对比两者的漂白效果，结果表明，双氧漂的漂白效果要优于单氧漂。最后，在后处理酸洗工艺中，分别采用酸洗和纤维素再生工艺对漂后的亚麻短纤进行处理，对比实验结果则后者能明显改善纤维的性能。3．对亚麻短纤的柔软处理。在了解了氨基硅酮和聚醚氨基硅油对纤维柔软整理的机理后，采用单因子实验，优选出两种柔软剂的浓度和时间参数。然后，将两者的柔软效果和两种柔软剂混配后整理的效果进行对比，结果显示两种柔软剂混配后柔软效果最佳，并进一步实验得出最佳混配比例。在实验得出的最佳工艺后，对亚麻短纤进行煮、漂、柔软连续整理后，实验结果证明，纤维处理效果良好，各项指标均达到预期目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, we mainly studied the technique of chemical degumming bleaching and softening for flax stable which was disposaled in hackling machine, in order to meet a demand for blending with silk. The main content included that:1. flax stable was treated by sodium hydroxide to reduce its length and increase its finess. First, the technology flow of experiment was established. After that, we separately discussed the acid pre-treatment sodium hydroxide and after-treatment technology. In the acid rinsing process, the influence degree among the three factors which was acid concentration, temperature and time were compared by means of the unifactor and orthogonal experiment, then the best test parameters were found. In sodium hydroxide process, we decided the optimized parameters about all kinds of chemical medicine’s concentration and processing time through the unifactor test; then chosen the best two-step degumming technique, when the result was compared with that of single degumming, considered the industry cost, we still adopted the single degumming. In water-washing process, the fiber character had improved through mechanical outside force more than not through it.2. Flax stable was treated by bleaching to increase its whiteness. At first, The chemical medicines which were mostly beneficial for bleaching and those concentration were chosen by means of unifactor test. Secondly, we analyzed the effect of various factors (concentration bleaching time and temperature) on flax stable bleaching, as well as to determined the best peroxide bleaching parameters through unifactor experiment method. According to that best test parameters, the optimal process of two-step peroxide bleaching was selected, and by comparing the bleaching results of those two type bleaching, it was showed that single-peroxide bleaching was better than the other’s. Finally, in acid-wash process, flax stable had better characters through cellulose regeneration process than simple acid wash process.3. flax stable was treated by softening finishing to improve its softness. First, after understood the softening effect and mechanism of amino-silicone and polyether&amino silicone in treating flax stable, we determined their optimum concentration and softening time. And then,by compared three softening process which contained amino-silicone polyether&amino silicone and the two softening agent mixture, the experiment’s result showed than the mixture softening imparted the stable good softness, so we went step further to decide the best mixed ratio.Flax stable was treated by degumming bleaching softening process, the result showed that the target met expected aim.更多还原