论安全保障义务

【作者】 刘铁良；

【导师】 苏彦新；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文的核心是对安全保障义务的理论分析。作者从历史的角度论述了安全保障义务的产生和发展过程，分析了安全保障义务的理论基础，得出了该义务的性质是不作为侵权中的一种，是法定义务。违反该义务给受害人造成损害的构成侵权，义务人应承担损害赔偿责任。本文明确了安全保障义务的内容及适用范围，其归责原则应为过错推定原则，根据违反义务的不同情形，分别承担直接的赔偿责任或不真正连带责任。本文共分四部分：第一部分简要介绍了安全保障义务的产生与发展过程，从合同的付随义务的角度入手分析了该义务的性质，得出了安全保障义务是不作为侵权中的一种，是法定义务。接着又列出了安全保障义务来源于法律的规定、合同的约定、诚信的要求和行为人的先前行为。第二部分从社会学和经济学的角度寻求安全保障义务产生的理论基础。社会学的理论依据有保障人权的理念、诚实信用原则、信赖原则；经济学的理论依据有报偿理论、危险控制理论、危险分担理论、成本节约理论。第三部分首先分析了安全保障义务所要保障的权利人的范围，指出了当事人之间必须有特殊的关系始发生安全保障义务；接着分析了义务的内容包括对自己控制之物的管理义务、对自己管理之人的管理义务、对加害第三人的防范与救助义务。安全保障义务的认定标准包括安全保护措施是否充分、是否合理；最后提出了安全保障义务的适用范围。第四部分分析了安全保障义务的归责原则是过错推定原则；违反安全保障义务侵权行为的构成要件包括当事人间具有特殊关系、行为人未尽安保义务、对权利人造成了侵害和未尽义务与损害间存在因果关系。违反安全保障义务的责任形态根据不同情形分为直接的赔偿责任以及对第三人侵权承担不真正连带责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nucleus of article is analysis of duty of safe guarantee. Author expounded producing and developing of duty of safe guarantee. Think nature of the duty is legal duty, not behavior in tort. Violating the duty and causing harm to victim constitute tort. Duty people should undertake the responsibility of compensation, article definited content and scope of safe duty. The principle of responsibility is fault deduction, according to different violation of obligation. Separately undertake responsibility of compensation or not true involved responsibility.The paper can be divided into four parts.Part one introduced producing and developing of duty of safe guarantee, analyzed nature of the duty from subsidiary responsibility’s angle of the contract, thinked safe guarantee duty was legal duty, not behavior in tort, and listed origin of safe duty: stipulation of law; contract agreement; honest request and previous behavior of actor.Part two explored theory foundation of emergence of safe guarantee responsibility from angle of Sociology and economics. Sociology theory foundation have conception of safeguard human rights; honesty credit principle; trust principle; economics-theory and cost economization theory.Part three analyzed scope of safeguard right man. Pointed out premise of safeguard obligation is special relation between concerned person and analyzed content of obligation, include manage obligation of oneself thing; manage obligation of control person oneself. Preventative and Salvational duty of infringement third person, decided standard of safeguard duty include abundant and reasonable protected the measure in final, put forward applicable scope of safeguard duty.Part four analyzed principle of undertaking responsibility, think it should be fault deduction, tort constitution condition of violating the duty include special relation between Concerned person; behavior person do not perform safeguard obligation and relation between cause and effect between damage and not performing duty. Duty form of violating the obligation be divided into direct compensation responsibility and not true involved responsibility relevant to third persons tort.更多还原