【作者】 李晓涛；

【导师】 赵鹿军；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国航运大国地位的确立和船舶大型化的发展，在我国发生燃油污染事故的次数日益增多，事故造成的损害日渐严重。在油污索赔过程中，法律不健全的问题表现得尤为突出：船舶燃油污染给海洋生态资源和渔业资源造成的巨大损失很难得到充分的赔偿；同时，由于赔偿不充分导致清污费用难以支付，溢油也很难及时被清除，最终使许多潜在的损失不可挽回。出现这种情况的主要原因在于我国当前没有专门的船舶污染损害赔偿法律体系和配套的强制保险制度，使燃油污染领域的法律适用存在不统一和分歧，从而导致燃油污染损害赔偿请求和其他海事赔偿请求共同分配相对较低的海事赔偿责任限额。为了充分保障对油污受害方的赔偿和清污工作的开展、有效地保护海洋生态环境，加强对我国船舶燃油污染损害赔偿法律制度的研究已成为当务之急。 本文基于燃油污染所具有的涉及船舶广泛、事故发生频繁、中小事故较多等特性和作为船舶燃料的燃油与货油之间在性质上的不同，分析了国际燃油污染和我国船舶燃油污染立法现状；找出了我国船舶燃油污染立法存在的缺陷以及与国际立法存在的差距。为了适应国际油污损害赔偿机制的发展、保护我国海洋环境、保证受害方得到合理赔偿，有必要在完善我国船舶污染损害赔偿制度的过程中对燃油污染损害赔偿制度作出具体的规定，并在条件成熟的时候与国际接轨；并且分批分等地建立我国燃油污染强制责任保险制度；同时，建议立项研究相关简化船舶检查手续的措施，以减轻相关主管部门的管理负担。以期通过较为健全的法律制度保护燃油污染受害人的利益，提高燃油污染肇事者对海洋环境保护的意识，同时鼓励油污受害人积极采取措施预防和减轻燃油污染损害。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the confirmation to the strong shipping status in china and the development of large-type ships, fuel oil polluting accidents occur more and more frequently and damage worse. The problem of relevant law distemperedness appears very clearly: it’s difficult for the tremendous ocean environment and fishery resource damage from ships fuel oil pollution to be compensated; meanwhile, spilled oil can hardly be cleaned out in time because the insufficient compensation results in the fuel oil-cleaning expenditure paid hard, as a result, lots of latent damage beyond retrieval. The main reason lies that our country still has no special compensation law system of ships polluting damage and the suitable compulsive insurance system. Accordingly, that brings the disunity and divergence in the aspect of the law availability of fuel oil pollution and sequentially leads relative lower maritime compensation liability limitation to be distributed between fuel oil pollution damage compensation claim and other maritime compensation claims. In order to sufficiently ensure the compensation to fuel oil polluting victim and the carry-through to the work of oil-cleaning, and effectively protect ocean environment, it’s become urgent affair that we should enhance the study on ships fuel oil polluting compensation law system in china.This paper analyzed the status quo of international fuel oil pollution and domestic ships fuel oil pollution legislation basing on the traits of fuel oil pollution such as dealing with extensive ships、 frequent accidents、 many middle and small accidents and so on and the qualitative difference between fuel oil as ships fuel and cargo oil; It found the legislation defects of ships fuel oil pollution in china and the distance to international legislation. In order to adapt the development of international oil pollution damage compensation mechanism、 protect our country’s ocean environment、 ensure oil pollution victim getting reasonable compensation, it’s very necessary to make fuel oil pollution damage compensation system specific in the course of perfecting domestic ships pollution damage compensation system, and synchronize with inter-nation when the condition becomes mature; meanwhile, to establish batch and grade the compulsive liability insurance system of domestic fuel oil pollution; Moreover, the paper suggestedstudying on the measures of simplifying ships-checking procedure in order to reduce the management burden of correlative superintendence department. Therefore, the paper hopes that using wholesome law system will protect the benefit of fuel oil pollution victim and improve the consciousness of fuel oil polluting peacebreakers to ocean environment protection, meanwhile, this’ll encourage that oil-polluting victim adopt measures to prevent and lighten fuel oil pollution damage.更多还原