【作者】 史学涛；

【导师】 张广成；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 聚丙烯（PP）复合化是实现聚丙烯高性能化的重要途径，本文受陕西省自然科学基金研究项目资助，针对PP/弹性体二元复合体系增韧时造成刚性大幅度下降以及PP/无机刚性粒子二元复合体系增韧效果差等问题，采用PP/POE/CaCO₃三元复合体系进行PP的增韧改性研究。重点探讨了CaCO₃粒子表面处理及其表征，以及PP/POE/CaCO₃三元复合体系的微观结构形貌与宏观力学性能。其目的是在三元复合体系中获得良好的弹性体包覆无机刚性粒子的“核-壳”结构，从而使得三元体系较二元体系具有更好的增韧与增强效果。 本论文通过溶液法制备出了POE-g-MAH柔性界面层包覆CaCO₃，采用反气相色谱（IGC）、红外光谱（FTIR）研究了CaCO₃粒子表面处理后所产生的吸附作用、表面化学反应以及表面自由能变化，采用双螺杆挤出造粒制备了不同的PP复合材料，通过注射成型出了标准试件，并进行了宏观力学性能的测试，通过扫描电镜（SEM）进行了PP三元复合体系微观结构形貌的观测。 本论文主要成果为： 采用IGC方法对CaCO₃表面处理前后进行分析表征，并对其表面自由能色散组分进行研究。结果表明表面偶联处理以及界面层设计可以缓和其色散组分随温度的变化，改善CaCO₃的分散性以及与聚合物的相容性，并可推算出钛酸酯类偶联剂（NDZ101）单分子层含量约为1.9wt％。 相比于CaCO₃偶联处理后在其表面产生的简单物理吸附分子层，柔性界面层POE-g-MAH能够和CaCO₃粒子之间产生化学反应，形成弹性体包覆层，促使PP/POE-g-MAH/CaCO₃三元体系中“核-壳”包覆结构的形成。 PP/POE-g-MAH/CaCO₃具有优于PP二元复合体系以及PP/POE/CaCO₃三元复合体系的增韧效果，在配比为（55/15/30）时，其缺口冲击强度提高到17.82KJ/m²，约为纯PP体系的3倍，且该体系强度和刚性降低程度很小。说明了包覆结构较独立分散结构更有利于体系的增韧。 通过对三元复合体系断裂表面的SEM观测并结合了空洞化增韧机理研究发现，相比于PP/POE/CaCO₃三元复合体系呈现出平滑的断裂表面特征，PP/POE-g-MAH/CaCO₃体系具有明显的韧性断裂特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Preparation of Polypropylene composites is one of the main methods to realize high properties of PP. As both PP/elastomer and PP/inorganic rigid particles binary composites couldn’t enhance the toughness and strength of PP together, this paper, which is sponsored by Shaanxi Province Science Fund, amis at improving the toughness of PP plastics. The surface modification of inorganic rigid particles and its characterization were studied. The relationship between the structure and properties of PP/elastomer/CaCO₃ ternary composites was also discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the toughness and strength of PP ternary composites via the elastomer/particles core-shell encapsulation morphology.In this paper, a novel kind soft interface layer POE-g-MAH was prepared through solution method. FTIR and IGC technology were used to study the surface reaction and surface energy change of CaCO₃ after surface modification. PP composites were prepared by the twin screw extrusion and molding process and then the mechanical properties and morphology of PP ternary composites were investigated by the mechanical performance test and SEM technology respectively.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:The characterization of CaCO₃ before and after surface modification and its dispersive component of the surface energy were studied by IGC. The results indicated that the change of the dispersive component of the surface energy as increasing temperature became stable when with coupling agents or POE-g-MAH, which improved the dispersion of rigid fillers and the compatibility between CaCC>3 and polymer. It could also be deduced from the IGC results that the monolayer coverage is around 1.9% for the CaCO₃ treated with titanate coupling agents NDZ101.Compared to the physical absorption layer on CaCO₃ surface by the coupling agents, there was obvious chemical reaction between POE-g-MAH and CaCO₃ via FTIR, which resulted the elastomer encapsulation layer and the core-shell structure in the PP/POE-g-MAH/CaCO₃ ternary composites.The mechanical performance tests indicated that PP/POE-g-MAH/PP system had a much better toughness than PP binary composites or other PP/POE/CaCO₃ systems. The Izod notched impact strength of PP/POE-g-MAH/CaCO₃ system （55/15/30）更多还原