【作者】 邓仲梅；

【导师】 汪群慧； 陈福明；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题开展了膜生物反应器（MBR）处理抗生素工业废水的中试研究,通过考察不同水力停留时间、有机负荷、溶解氧、pH值等因素对处理效果的影响,研究了MBR对COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP的去除效果与机制,以及MBR内污泥动力学及污泥特性,并分析了膜污染状况和进行膜清洗研究。确定了最佳工艺控制参数。现场的中试研究表明:MBR对抗生素废水具有良好稳定的处理效果,当进水COD、NH₄⁺-N浓度分别为1200-4000mg/L、60-150mg/L时,综合考虑去除效果及经济可行性,本实验的最佳HRT为48h,DO为2-4mg/L,pH值为7.0-8.5 ,容积负荷为2.0kgCOD/m³·d ,污泥负荷为小于0.20kgCOD/kgMLSS·d。在此条件下,COD的去除率在93%以上,平均去除率为95.09%;BOD5的去除率在96.96%以上,平均去除率为98.37%;对NH4+-N的去除率在88%以上,平均去除率90.87%;对磷的去除效率一直在94%以上,平均去除率为98.22%;对SS的去除率可达到100%,出水满足一级排放标准。MBR设备内污泥状态良好,最佳MLSS范围为8000-11000mg/L。MLVSS/MLSS维持在0.78以上,反应器进入稳定运行阶段后,SV₃₀一直保持在90%左右,但SVI值在61-77.4之间,体现出良好的污泥凝聚、沉淀性。实验污泥停留时间（SRT）为259d,剩余污泥量极少,只有2800L。结合物料平衡中的非稳态公式以及反应器内的污泥增量平衡为依据的微生物增殖公式进行计算得到污泥产率系数Y为0.2424MLVSS/kgCOD,衰减系数Kd为0.0245d^-1,表观产率系数Yobs为0.0330kg MLVSS /kgCOD。实验中发现,膜纤维内部污泥厌氧呼吸使得膜表面积累一层黑色物质,强烈曝气造成污泥细碎堵塞膜孔等,是造成膜污染的主要原因。经清洗后,膜通量得到很好的恢复。经济分析表明,采用MBR工艺对抗生素工艺废水进行处理,吨水处理成本约为3.83元,较原SBR工艺下降24.2%,每年可以节省运行费用16万元。如果扩建,由于MBR的容积负荷大,污泥浓度高,而且是连续运行,处理相同水量所需的池容比SBR工艺小得多,而基建费用和占地面积也会更多还原

【Abstract】 A pilot scale experiment with aerobic submerged MBR was conducted on antibiotics industrial wastewater treatment, the optimal operational parameters was obtain by researching on influence of different HRT, organic loading, DO, pH on removal efficiency. The COD, NH₄⁺-N removal rate and mechanisms, the characteristics of the activated sludge in MBR and the mechanisms of membrane fouling were lucubrated in this thesis.The experimental results showed that the organic pollutants removal efficiency with MBR was very well. When the COD, NH4+-N of the influent was about 1200-4000mg/L, 60-150 mg/L respectively, the optimal HRT was 48h and DO, pH, the optimal organic volumetric loading rate, organic sludge loading rate was 2-4mg/L,7.0-8.5,1.7kgCOD/m³·d, less than 0.20kgCOD/kgMLSS·d respectively. On the condition, biologic removal rate of COD was above 93%, average removal rate was 95.09%, and membrane intensified removal of COD. Even if impact load had changed largely, the effluent quality was stable through membrane filtration. Removal rate of BOD5, NH₄⁺-N, TP with MBR was above 96.96%, 88%, 94% respectively, average removal rate was 98.37%, 90.87%, 98.22% respectively. And the removal rate of SS nearly 100%.Enfluent quality of MBR was sufficient to the national effluent standards for wastewater （Ι）.Sludge in MBR equipment is in good working condition, the optimal MLSS was about 10000-14000mg/L. MLVSS/MLSS was above o.78 during the course of experiment. MBR into stable operational phase, SV30 was always about 90%, but SVI was between 61 and 77.4, it indicated coacervation and precipitability capacity of sludge was very well in MBR. Enfluent quality of MBR was sufficient to the national effluent standards for wastwater （Ι）.The sludge stay time （SRT） of the experiment was 259d, the excess sludge was little: 2800L. The better Y: 0.2424kgVSS/kgCOD, Kd: 0.0245d^-1, Yobs: 0.0330kgVSS/kgCOD were obtained combined unsteady formula in the balance of substrate & biomass with microorganism reproduce formula depending on sludge increment balance.In the experiment, a layer of black material which from sludge anaerobic更多还原