【作者】 刘唯伟；

【导师】 张衍林；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，畜禽养殖业快速发展，由此带来的污染问题也日益突出，其中养猪业的污染最为突出。目前大多数猪场都建有沼气池，猪粪废水大都经沼气池处理成厌氧废液后直接排放，而厌氧废液中仍含有相当数量的有机污染物和氨氮等，对环境造成极大的压力，也影响到猪场的生存与发展。然而猪粪厌氧废液既是严重的污染源，又是一种具有较高利用价值的资源，所以针对猪粪厌氧废液的这一特点，并结合目前大多数猪场的实际，作者对原有的猪场废水处理工艺进行改进和优化，设计出更经济高效的猪场废水再生循环系统，以使处理后的出水能用于农业灌溉或猪舍冲栏。针对猪场厌氧废液胶体物含量高、可生化性差和处理难度大的特点，本课题首次尝试采用微电解-厌氧生物滤池的组合工艺来处理猪场厌氧废液。以铸铁屑和焦炭粒作为厌氧生物滤池的填料，利用铁炭的微电解作用和厌氧生物滤池的协同作用来处理厌氧废液，以使厌氧废液中的胶状物和有机污染物能得到有效的去除。首先通过铁炭微电解静态试验，确定了滤池内铁炭填料的最佳装填比为3∶1（体积比）；得出了滤池运行试验中HRT应控制的参考范围为HRT≥5h以及滤池进水pH的考察值：只考察pH调到6与不调两种情况；同时还验证了所选的铁炭填料对厌氧废液可生化性的改善效果：在铁炭比为3∶1，反应时间为5h，不调pH和pH调到6两种情况下，微电解反应后厌氧废液的可生化性（BOD₅／COD平均值）分别由原来的0.28提高到0.39和0.41。其次以微电解静态试验中得出的结论为依据，对滤池的填料进行了装填，并进行了滤池的启动及运行试验。在进水COD为770mg／L左右、浊度为380NTU左右、pH为7.2～7.6，HRT为12～18h的情况下经29天的启动试验，顺利完成了滤池的启动，且启动完成后滤池对浊度的去除率可达到70％以上。试验研究表明以铁屑和焦炭为填料的厌氧生物滤池启动快，具有优良的运行特性和处理效果。滤池成功启动后进入稳定运行阶段，通过对影响该阶段滤池稳定运行的两个因素——进液pH值和HRT的考察得出：进液pH调到6与不调时处理效果相差不大，所以可以不调节进液pH而直接进液处理；HRT对浊度去除率的影响显著，并利用SPSS软件对处理结果进行分析得出了HRT与浊度去除率之间的回归方程式：y=33.803+10.194x-0.538x²，同时计算出该试验中滤池稳定运行的最佳HRT为9.47h。最后，通过系统稳定运行试验对滤池的处理效果进行了检验，检验结果表明所设计的微电解-厌氧生物滤池对猪场厌氧废液中的污染物有较好的去除效果，对浊度、COD和BOD的平均去除率分别达到了80.10％，63.54％和48.81％，经滤池处理后出水的BOD和COD均达到了畜禽养殖业污水的排放标准和农田灌溉中旱作的用水标准。在猪场厌氧废液的试验处理中，本文创新地提出了以铁屑和焦炭作为厌氧生物滤池的填料，利用铁炭的微电解作用来改善厌氧废液的可生化性，提高其厌氧生物滤池的处理效果，并初步建立了可行的猪场厌氧废液的微电解-厌氧生物滤池处理工艺，以工业生产中废弃的铁屑和焦炭屑作为材料，实现了以废治废的良好处理模式。本文的研究方法与初步结论将对今后的同类研究和该处理方法的实践研究具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the livestock industry, the pollution of which has been more serious these years, and the swine wastewater is the head of all pollution. Nowadays, the pool of firedamp has being in most of piggery, the swine wastewater has mostly been changed into anaerobic effluent by the pool of firedamp, and then been emitted directly. However, the anaerobic effluent still contains much of organic contamination and NH₄^--N etc., which brought about a huge press to the environment, and also made significant influence on the piggery’s living and developing. So the further disposal to the anaerobic effluent has become an urgent affair to the disposal of swine wastewater. Moreover, though the anaerobic effluent is a kind of contamination, it’s a sort of available resource. To this trait, the author work out a swine wastewater reborn and cycle system with the purpose of using its outing water in irrigation, which is more economic and more efficient contrast to the traditional ones.The micro-electrolytic and anaerobic bio-filter process was first applied to treat swine anaerobic wastewater in the light of the characteristics of its wastewater quality, which is hard to biodegrade and hard to disposal due to it contains high concentration of colloid. The filter medium of its reactor was the mixture of iron filings and carbon granules. In this reactor, it put the anaerobic bio-treatment and the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process together, so as to make the jelly and organic contamination of the anaerobic effluent remove effectivelyFirstly, after captive test of micro-electrolysis, it is concluded that the optimal volume proportion of the iron and carbon in the bio-filter was 3:1; the HRT of the bio-filter should be controlled to 5 hours and above; only to see about the pH which is changed to 6 and unchanged. What’s more, it also validated that it is resultful to improve the biodegradability of anaerobic effluent by this iron-carbon medium. The average ration of BOD5/COD of the anaerobic effluent has increased from 0.28 to 0.39 after 5 hours reacting, in the filter medium of which ration of its iron and carbon is 3:1.Secondly, to load the bio-filter with stuffing based on the conclusions of the captive test of micro-electrolysis, and then carried on its startup and running test. The startup of the bio-filter was completed within 29 days period under the operational conditions of influent COD concentration of 770mg/L, turbidity of 390NTU, pH=7.2～7.6 and HRT=12～18h. At the same time the filter medium retained the biomass successfully and the rate of turbidity removal reached 70% above. The startup results of study showed that the anaerobic bio-filter is characterized by fast startup, operation stable and effective treatment.In stable running phase of the filter, by seeing about the pH of entering water and HRT which has effect on the filter’s stable running, and then concluded that: when pH of the entering water was change to 6 and what was unchanged, the difference of their processing effect were little, so that there is no need to change pH of the water but entering it directly. In addition, made a regressive analysis for HRT and rate of turbidity removal by software of SPSS, and then the regression equation was induced as follows: y=33.803+10.194x-0.538x², and the optimal HRT on filter’s stable running was computed at 9.47 hours.Finally, the processing effect of the filter was tested by stable running test, and the results showed that the micro-electrolytic and anaerobic bio-filter could effectively remove the contamination of the swine anaerobic effluent, it could remove 80.81% of turbidity, 63.54% of COD and 48.81% of BOD. What’s more, the BOD and COD of the effluent could meet the standards of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding, and also accord with the standards of irrigation water quality for the dry farming.The paper put forward innovatively to using the micro-electrolytic process of iron and carbon to improve the biodegradability of anaerobic effluent, further to improve the anaerobic bio-treatment effect, and set up preliminary process for swine anaerobic effluent treatment, such as micro-electrolytic and anaerobic bio-filter process. The stuff of this process was made up of iron filings and carbon granules that had fallen into disuse in industry, and it formed a well treatment mode as "treating the waste by waste". The research method and conclusion have reference value for the further research and practice.更多还原