【作者】 郭续文；

【导师】 徐如祥；

【作者基本信息】 第一军医大学 ， 神经外科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 研究背景 帕金森病(PD)又名震颤麻痹，是一种中老年人常见的慢性黑质和黑质纹状体通路变性的神经系统疾病，主要病理改变是中脑黑质致密部(SNc)多巴胺(DA)能神经元选择性地变性、死亡、缺失，以及残存神经元细胞DA生物合成能力下降，致纹状体DA不足，从而导致基底节神经调节功能的紊乱。在临床上表现为静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓和姿势不稳等四大主要特征。国外的统计资料表明，PD发病率占总人数的0.1％-0.2％，其中55岁以上人口占1.4％。随着社会逐步进入老龄化，PD患者的人数也在日趋增加。 目前PD的病因尚未清楚，一股认为是由遗传、年龄、环境、氧化应激、免疫异常、兴奋性氨皋酸毒性、线粒体功能障碍等多种因素所致的中脑黑质DA能神经元死亡，而细胞凋亡是这种细胞死亡的主要方式。对神经元的保护和抗细胞凋亡的治疗已成为PD治疗的主要思路。目前PD细胞凋亡的常用治疗方案有：1．抗氧化剂。2．神经营养因子。3．中药。4．基因治疗。5．对凋亡过程的调控，如凋亡起始因子的抑制剂、抗凋亡基因的促进剂等。神经保护剂的抗凋亡治疗已在临床上开始使用，并取得了一些疗效，但仍存在异议。 由于PD病人死后脑标本难以获得，因此建立动物模型是研究该病发病机制和治疗方法的重要手段。1-甲基-4-苯基-1，2，3，6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)是一种神经更多还原

【Abstract】 BackgroundParkinson’s disease(PD), also named "paralysis agitans", is a degeneration disease of the central neural system with high morbidity in the elders. The selective degeneration, death and depletion of the dopamine (DA) energetic neurons in the compact part of substantia nigra of midbrain accounts the most for the pathology of PD. The disorder of the function of basal nuclei with deficient DA in corpora striata caused by the remnant DA neurons’ decreasing capability of DA generation also contributes to the disease. PD has four essential characteristics, such as static tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural unsteadiness. The foreign statistic data indicates that the morbidity of PD is 0.1% to 0.2%, and amounts to 1.4% in the people over 55 years old. The patients of PD become more and more with the aging of the society.The aetiology of PD has not been identified yet by now. It is considered that the death (mainly apoptosis) of DA energetic neurons in substantia nigra of midbrain caused by heredity, aging, environment, oxidative stress, immune abnormality, excitory amino acids toxicity and dysfunction of mitochondria may be answer. So, the comprehensive route to treat PD is the protection of neuron and the fight against cell apoptosis. Now, there are 5 therapeutic methods coming into being, including更多还原