【作者】 孙衍宁；

【导师】 孙咏红； 马希晨；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 絮凝法是废水处理中应用最为广泛的一种方法。絮凝剂的性质直接影响絮凝的效果。为寻求一种“绿色”环保、功能性强的絮凝剂，本文在分析和总结已有的天然有机高分子絮凝剂制备和絮凝性能研究的基础上，选用来源丰富、价格便宜的天然有机高分子材料玉米淀粉作为原材料进行改性，制得一种性能良好的阳离子天然高分子有机絮凝剂，并且通过大量的实验研究，确定了较优化的反应条件和参数。 本文研究以淀粉、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料，采用复合引发剂，通过反相乳液聚合技术，合成阳离子型天然高分子改性絮凝剂。分析讨论了加料方式、引发剂的用量、乳化剂的用量、油水体积比、单体浓度、单体配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产物的转化率、接枝率、接枝效率、阳离子化度等方面的影响，利用正交实验法对实验条件进行选择，确定最佳反应条件为：引发剂浓度为1.5‰，乳化剂浓度为6％，油水体积比为1.6：1、单体浓度为30％、单体／淀粉=1.4：1(质量比)、AM：DMDAAC=3：7(质量比)、反应温度为45℃、反应时间4小时。反应能够得到稳定的细小颗粒状产品，其接枝率达128.55％、接枝效率达94.04％、转化率达99.25％、特性粘数648.65ml／g、阳离子化度26.89％、分子量600万以上。利用红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪等测试手段，测定了接枝共聚物的存在，从而证明了多元接枝共聚物的结构。通过处理含油废水的应用实验表明，该絮凝剂对含油废水处理效果明显，能够迅速产生大的絮凝块，COD去除率为92.4％，浊度去除率为99.7％，其效果优于同类产品。因此它是水处理剂中很好的强阳离子型絮凝剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flocculation is the most widely adopted in waster treatment. Flocculation effect concerns with the flocculation property directly. Based on the analysis and generalization of the existent organic cationic flocculants preparation and flocculation property researches, a new natural product, which belongs to a kind of green flocculants, was prepared by starch, a low-priced and an easily-got raw material. Its preparation was to modify the raw material. Meanwhile preparation experiment conditions and parameters were optimized through a lot of experimental studies.Synthesis of inartificial high molecule flocculent with starch , diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and arcylamide, using complex initiator and inverse emulsion polymerization with there-member polymerization. The paper discusses the effect of the monomer addition method, the concentration of initiator, the concentration of emulsifier ,the ration of oil and water ,the monomer’s concentration, the ratio of monomer , the reaction temperature ,the reaction time on graft copolymerization reaction. Diving Zones in orthogonal test elected the optimum condition of experimentation. The resulted showed that 1.5‰, [E] = 6%, monomer / starch = 1.4:1 (the ratio of weight ),AM/DMDAAC =3:7 (the ratio of weight) , [M]=30%, the ratio of oil and water 1.6:1 , the reaction temperature 45℃ , the reaction time 4h , the grafting percentage is 128.55%, the grafting efficiency is 94.04% conversion 99.25% intrinsic viscosity 648.65ml/g the cationic degree 26.89%,and the molecular weight of graft copolymer is more than 6000 thousands. The product was measured by IR and ~1H-NMR spectra to identify the construction of graft copolymer. When we used the flocculant to deal with the waste water of oil field, the effect is better than other similar products. The large flocculate is found and the removal efficiency of COD, oil and turbidity of the waste water are 92.4% and 99.7 % .So, it is the better strong cationic flocculation.更多还原