【作者】 朱建萍；

【导师】 史鸿鑫；

【作者基本信息】 浙江工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 全氟壬烯作为一种新型的绿色溶剂，具有氟溶剂的一般特点。全氟壬烯可与正己烷、环己烷、正庚烷、乙醚、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、甲苯和乙酸乙酯等形成二元氟两相体系；可与正己烷／丙酮、正己烷／氯仿、环己烷／丙酮、正庚烷／丙酮、正庚烷／氯仿等形成三元氟两相体系。且互溶温度和相组成，随着全氟壬烯和有机溶剂配比的不同而变化。在全氟壬烯中，硫酸催化等物质量的羧酸(甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸或辛酸)与醇(甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇或2-乙基己醇)的酯化反应，在不同时蒸馏分离生成物酯或水的条件下，羧酸转化率达到或接近100％；与不加氟溶剂相比，酯收率提高10％～89％。苯甲酸和乙醇或丙醇在全氟壬烯和甲苯混合溶剂中类似地反应，收率分别提高15.5％和36.0％，且全氟壬烯和硫酸回收套用简便。在全氟壬烯中，甲苯硝化反应的最佳条件为：n(甲苯)：n(95％硝酸)：n(98％硫酸)：n(全氟壬烯)=1：1：0.5：0.06，D.V.S.值为2.23，反应时间为5h，反应温度为50℃，收率可达81.5％，对位和邻位硝基甲苯之比(p／o值)为0.65，全氟壬烯的回收率均在97％以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Perfluorous nonene is a new green solvent and possesses general characters of perfluorous solvent. Perfluorous nonene formed binary fluorous biphase systems with hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, ethyl ether, tetrachloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, ethyl acetate; formed ternary fluorous biphase systems with hexane / acetone, hexane / chloroform, cyclohexane / acetone, heptane / acetone, heptane / chloroform. The critical mutual soluble temperatures and components of each phase depended on the changing of the proportion of perfluorous nonene and organic solvents.The equimolar esterifications of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, buteric acid or caprylic acid with methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol or 2-ethyl hexanol were studied respectively. Perfluorous nonene in reaction system made the esterification equilibrium move rightly and the yields of esterification increase 10 % - 89 %. The esterification yields of phenylformic acid with ethanol or n-propanol increased 15.5 % and 36.0 % respectively in presence of perfluorous nonene and toluene. Perfluorous nonen and H₂SO₄ were recovered and reused easily.The optimal conditions for toluene nitration in perfluorous nonene were: n （ toluene ） : n （ 95% nitric acid ） : n （ 98% sulfuric acid ） : n （ perfluorous nonene ） = 1 : 1 : 0.5: 0.06, D.V.S = 2.23, t = 5h, T = 50℃. The yield could reach 81.5 %, p / o = 0.65. The perfluorous nonene were recycled several times with little loss.更多还原