【作者】 李晓娜；

【导师】 高洁；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 首次报道了马蹄叶腐烂病、红小豆溃疡病、黄花乌头顶枯病、江户菜软腐病和水飞蓟软腐病在吉林省的发生，详细描述了该五种病害症状及危害情况；通过对分离的病原菌的电镜形态观察、革兰氏染色、致病性、培养性状、生理生化性状、G+C mol％等方面的测定，依据《Bergey’s Manual of determinative Bacteriology》(以下简称手册)9th ed相关部分，初步确定了其病原菌的分类地位并对病原菌进行了室内药剂筛选。 马蹄叶腐烂病主要症状为茎基部褐腐，叶柄、花蕾腐烂坏死；各菌株菌体均杆状；极生鞭毛1根；革兰氏染色阴性；人工接种能侵染马蹄叶和白菜，不能侵染防风；好氧；41℃下不能生长；氧化酶阳性；马铃薯软腐；精氨酸双水解阳性；产生果聚糖；在烟叶上无枯斑反应；明胶水解阳性；硝酸盐还原阳性；反硝化阳性；能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、海藻糖、山梨醇、β-丙氨酸作为唯一碳源；不能利用牻牛儿醇、酒石酸作为碳源；G+C mol％为66.3％，对照《手册》9th ed相关部分，确定该病由边缘假单胞菌(Pseudomonas marginalis)引起，又根据其不能利用酒石酸盐、不能使胡萝卜软腐等特征，与边缘假单胞菌防风致病变种(P．marginalis pv．pastinacae)相同，但不能侵染防风(Pastinaca sativa)，确定该菌为边缘假单胞菌的一个新的致病变种，定名为Pseudomonas marginalis pv．ligularia Gao & Li pv．nov．。 红小豆溃疡病主要症状为茎部溃疡；各菌株菌体均杆状；极生鞭毛1根；革兰氏染色阴性；人工接种能侵染多种豆科植物；好氧；氧化酶阴性；硝酸盐反应阴性；5％葡萄糖营养琼脂黏液生长阳性；七叶灵水解阳性；淀粉水解阴性；牛奶分解产碱；产生硫化氢；能从阿拉伯糖等产酸；最大耐盐量为5％；G+Cmol％为69％等特征，根据《手册》9th ed相关部分，确定该病由野油菜黄单胞菌苜蓿致病变种[Xanthomonas campestris pv．alfalfae(Riker，Jones et Davis 1935)Dye 19781引起。 江户菜软腐病和水飞蓟软腐病主要症状为植株各部分均可软腐；两种病害的各菌株菌体均杆状；周生鞭毛2～多根；革兰氏染色阴性；人工接种能侵染白菜、甘蓝、油菜、萝卜；兼性厌氧；37℃不能生长；5％NaCl能生长；能使马铃薯软腐；不能利用丙二酸盐；明胶液化阴性；不产生吲哚；不产生卵磷脂酶；对红霉素不敏感；能从麦芽糖等20种化合物产酸；不能从α-甲基葡萄糖苷产酸；G+Cmol％分别为51.3％和更多还原

【Abstract】 Five new bacterial diseases of Ligularia fischeri, Vigna angularis , Brassica juncea var.japonica, Aconitum coreanum and Silybum marianum in Jilin province were firstly reported in the world; and their sympotoms of the diseases were described in detail. According to the configuration of the pathogens observed by electrical microscope, Gram staination, pathogenicity, cultural characters, physiological and biochemical characters, as well as G+C mol%, the pathogens were identified respectively . Bacteriocides for the pathogens were screened indoor.The main symptoms of the bacterial disease on Ligularia Jischeri were rot. The strains were straight or curved rods; polar flagellum one; Gram-negative; could infect Ligularia fischeri and Brassica pekinensis; 41℃ growth negative ; oxidase positive; potato rot positive; arginine dihydrolase positive; levan positive; tobacco hypersensitivity positive; gelatin liquefaction positive; nitrate to N₂ positive; nitrate reduction positive; used glucose、 sucrose、 trehalose、 sorbite for growth and didn’t use tartrate and β-alanine for growth; rochelle salt negative; carrot rot negative; G+C mol% -66.3%.According to parts of 《Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology》 9th ed,it confirmed that the disease was caused by Pseudomonas marginalis, and the characters were similar to P.marginalis pv.pastinacae, but couldn’t infect Pastinaca sativa .So it was a new pathovar of Pseudomonas marginalis ,named as Pseudomonas marginalis pv. ligularia pv. nov..The main symptoms of the bacterial disease on Vigna angularis were canker of stalk.The strains were straight or curved rods; polar flagellum one; Gram-negative; could infect Vigna angularis、 Glycine max、 Vigna radata、 Vigna umbellate、 Phaseolus vulgaris、 Pisum sativum、 Pisum sativum var.humlie; oxidase negative; nitrate reduction negative; 5% glucose agar mucilage positive; esculin hydrolysis positive; starch negative; milk hydrolysis positive; H₂S positive; acid from L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose, cellobiose, trehalose and fructose; 5%NaCl positive; G+Cmol%-69%. According to parts of 《Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology》 9th ed, it confirmed that the disease was caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.alfalfae （Riker, Jones et Davis 1935 ）Dye 1978. The main symptoms of the bacterial disease on Brassica juncea var.japinica and Silybum marianum were soft rot.The strains of two diseases were straight or curved rods;更多还原