【作者】 郭珊；

【导师】 李旺生； 戴明新； 蒋昌波；

【作者基本信息】 长沙理工大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在经济全球化的今天,海上交通对经济发展和国际贸易都是至关重要的。一般而言,沿海的港口和航道极少是天然的深水区,必须通过疏浚来达到和维持水深。受制于疏浚机具和施工工艺,施工区域产生高浓度含沙水体,在潮流等动力因素的作用下,高浓度含沙水体向周围扩散,导致以施工区为中心的附近海域海水混浊度增加;同时,泥沙中携带的有毒、有害物质也使海水的使用质量下降。施工区域水体的含沙浓度增大、毒害物质增加,将使海洋生态环境遭受污染。随着我国经济和海运的快速发展,港口、航道建设及维护工程迅速增长,如果不加以控制,将一定程度地破坏海洋的生态环境。在经济日益发展的今天,人们已逐渐意识到海洋的使用功能是有限的,对海洋生态环境的保护惠及我们的子孙后代,是人类的历史责任。因此,对疏浚悬浮物污染进行严格控制十分必要,也是大势所趋。本文对疏浚施工污染的研究包括环境影响预测和污染防治对策两大部份:(1)正确的污染影响预测可以为污染防治和环境管理提供依据,是对施工污染进行有效控制的前提条件。数值预测是进行污染预测的有效手段,它与实测手段相比,可以节省大量的人力、物力、财力。本研究根据疏浚施工的主要特点,选取典型工程,预测疏浚挖泥及吹填溢流的环境影响。由此,采用平面二维数学模型,对设计工况加以适当概化,模拟预报了工程海域潮流场及悬浮污染物的浓度场。根据施工海域海洋生态环境的保护要求,在计算不同类型挖泥船和不同溢流口施工环境影响的基础上,提出满足施工海域环境要求的施工工艺和溢流口的合理位置。(2)以数值模拟的预测结果为依据,提出施工期的环境保护管理方案。工程环境监理是根据环境影响预测结果和污染防治对策对施工期的环境影响进行全过程控制的一种有效手段,其目的是尽可能减少施工对环境的影响,或者说把施工对环境的影响控制在“安全”的尺度内。环境监理在我国刚刚起步,本研究结合具体工程的特点提出了工程环境监理体系、环境监理组织结构设计、环境监理的要点及预期工作目标。把施工期的环境预报和施工期的环境监理有机联系起来,这是一个新的尝试,但这还仅仅是静态的,如果将二者间的有机联系互动起来,那将是动态的,即随着施工的进行两者不断调整,这对环境监理目标的实现是非常重要的。限于时间,这方面的研究工作还有待今后继续。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the economic globalization nowadays, maritime traffic is very important for economic development and international trade. Generally speaking, few littoral ports and sea-routes are in the natural deep-water area, so the water depth must be maintained by dredging. Confined to the dredging machines and technology, heave sand concentration will be caused in the construction area. Affected by the dynamic factor such as tide, the heave concentration water will diffuse, and will result in the increase of adjacent seawater’s turbidity. Meanwhile, poisonous and harmful substances included in the sand will reduce the seawater quality. All of these will pollute the marine ecology. Along with the fast development of littoral economy and nautical transport in our country, the number of the construction and maintenance of the port、sea-route、oceanic and coastal projects increases rapidly. If without control, the marine ecology will be destroyed to a certain degree. Now people have realized the limitation of the marine’s efficacy, if only demand without conservation, the ocean could supply fewer resources to human, till the resources exhausted. So protecting the marine ecology environment against pollution is beneficial to our descendants, and it is human’s historical responsibility. It is necessary to control the pollution of dredging suspended substance strictly, and it is the trend of the times.The study of the paper includes two parts: forecast of environmental pollution and countermeasures of pollution protection:(1) Correct pollution infection forest can provide gist to pollution protection and environmental management, it is the precondition to control the construction pollution effectively. Numerical model is effective means of forest. Comparing with measure at site, numerical model can save a great deal of manpower、material resources and financial resources. According to the characteristics of dredging construction, this paper selects a typical project, analyzes the technical characteristics of dredging and overflowing which are main technics. General work conditions of dredging and overflowing are designed, tidal current field and consistence field of suspend contamination near the project are simulated with 2-D mathematical model. According to the environment request of the construction sea area, on the base of computing environmental influence of using different types of dredgers and setting different overflow gates, satisfying construction technics and reasonable overflow place are brought forward.更多还原