【作者】 彭莉；

【导师】 王定勇；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 危险废物的污染控制，是当今世界各国所面临的一个重要问题。铬渣治理是国际性环保科技难题。铬盐生产中固体危险废物污染问题主要涉及两个方面：一是多年积存的老渣，二是不断产生的新渣。重庆市铬渣排放量非常大，目前累积堆放量已超过44万t，除少部分被利用外，绝大部分都没有经过处理而直接堆放。作为我国酸沉降危害严重区之一，酸雨危害加剧了铬渣对地表水，土壤和地下水的危害。尽管铬渣的资源化处理和利用有许多成熟的技术，但其工艺较复杂，处理成本高，受当地资源利用的环境限制，加之废渣的运输成本高。因此，寻找一种既经济有效，又切实可行的铬渣治理技术对消除或降低铬对环境的影响是十分必要的。 基于上述原因，本文针对重庆市民丰农化铬渣的污染危害情况，根据铬渣堆放年代的不同选取了上世纪60年代、80年代和2005年初才生产排放的三种年代铬渣，分别表示为C、B、A。通过模拟酸雨浸泡和淋溶实验，弄清楚铬渣的毒性作用和对环境的危害性。并通过稳定剂的稳定化试验研究，初步弄清楚不同稳定剂处理铬渣的作用机理，揭示稳定剂的稳定效果，了解不同添加剂和药剂对稳定化效果的影响，分析稳定剂、添加剂和药剂共同处理铬渣的可行性，筛选出稳定剂、添加剂和药剂稳定铬渣的最佳方案。为铬渣的处理提供一种经济有效、简便的治理方法。 结果表明：三种年代铬渣A、B、C的Cr(Ⅵ)浓度分别为1.37、1.19、1.73mg／L，总Cr浓度分别为4.68、4.86、4.71mg／L。理论上总Cr的浓度是随堆积年代增长而减少的，但是由于生产工艺的改进，使得A年代新渣的总Cr浓度较B、C年代的老渣要少。酸雨浸泡、淋溶对铬渣的影响，表现为随着酸雨pH减小，铬的浸出浓度增大。酸雨浸泡对不同年代铬渣的影响表现为C＞A＞B，与Cr(Ⅵ)浓度规律相同；而酸雨淋溶对铬渣的影响表现为C＞B＞A，与水溶态的Cr(Ⅵ)浓度规律相同。Cr在酸雨影响下，不仅有形态的溶出，同时存在着形态的转化，酸度越大，水溶态和酸溶态金属量越多，这主要是源于铁锰氧化态的转化，另外也有少部分结晶态发生了溶出转化。而浸泡反应时间比较长，这样的形态之间的转化反应的越充分，转换成水溶态和酸溶态的Cr(Ⅵ)就越多。虽然铬渣的浸出毒性随着pH的增大而减小，但是随着浸泡时间的增加，铬浸出浓度的增长幅度却随着pH的增长而增大，其作用机理有待更多还原

【Abstract】 Pollution control of hazard waste is an important problem to all the countries today. Chromium slag treatment was the international environmental protection problem. Pollution problem of solid hazard waste from production of chromium salt refer two aspect: the one was old slag of donkey’s years’ store up, the another was keeping procreant fresh slag. In Chongqing, discharge amount of chromium slag was very large, now cumulating stack amount has excessed 440 kilotons, excepted a small portion was used, almost had straight stacked without treatment. As one of acid sedimentation harm severity area in China, acid rain pricked up harm of chromium slag to surface water, soil and ground water. There were many adult technology of reclamation of chromium slag, but technics complexed, treatment cost was too high, be restricted by local environment, and traffic cost of chromium was high. So searching an economical and feasible treatment technology of chromium slag was necessary.This paper aimed at pollute circumstance of chromium slag from Chongqing Minfeng Pesticide & Chemical, choose chromium slag from 60’s, 80’s of last century and 2005, be each represented as A, B, C. Through simulation acid rain marinate and eluviate experiment, make clear the toxicity and the harm to environment of chromium slag. And through stabilization experiment, maked clear action mechanism of different stabilizer, revealed it’s stabilized effect, realized the affect of different additive and medicament to stabilization effect, analyzed the feasibility of this treat chromium slag together and screened out preferred plan. Offer an economical and handy treatment method to chromium slag.The results showed: Cr (VI) concentration of A, B, C was 1.37, 1.19, 1.73mg/L, total Cr concentration was 4.68, 4.86, 4.71 mg/L. Theoretically total Cr concentration decreasing follow accumulate time’s rise, but due to technical improvement, making total Cr concentration of A was little than B, C. Acid rain marinate and eluviate made lixiviate concentration of Cr increase follow decrease of pH. Effect of acid rain marinate to chromium slag represented C>A>B, as the same as更多还原