【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 何正斌；

【作者基本信息】 国防科学技术大学 ， 国防经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 当今世界新军事变革方兴未艾,美国在这场新军事变革中起步最早、水平最高、进展最快,并且已经取得了阶段性的成果和高新军事技术优势。因此我们必须积极吸收借鉴美国在发展国防科技研发方面的成功经验。基于这一理念,本文系统分析了美国民间科研机构在国防研发体系中的地位和作用,选取美国政府和国防部激励引导民间机构参与国防研发的三种典型方法——资助方式、设计与技术竞争采办方式和独立研发补贴方式,进行分析。运用要素分析法,利用激励理论和信息经济学的理论,论述美国各种引导方式的制度设置、取得的效果、优缺点、成功实施的制度条件和环境因素,使我们对美国引导民间机构方式的制度设置和措施在宏观上有所了解。然后分析我国国防科研体制中存在的问题,借鉴美国各种引导激励方式成功实施的关键制度设置,得出一系列启示,如加快军民科研体系融合,增强公平竞争的深度和广度,采取灵活有效的激励方式,大力发展军民两用技术等。据此提出改革我国国防科研体制,提高国防科研能力和科研投资效率的建议和措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays the new military revolution is in the ascendant. The U.S., the earliest to start the revolution, has made the most rapid progress, achieved the most advanced level, and already made considerable accomplishments. Therefore, it is a must to assimilate from the U.S. the successful experience of developing defense science and technology. Based on the above notions, this thesis analyzes the function and position of U.S. civil research organizations in the system of national defense research and development, with reference to the three typical ways used by U.S. government and Defense Department: sponsoring, design and technology competition and independent R&D subsidy, which aim at motivating civil organizations to participate in the defense research and development. Applying componential analysis and the motivation theory as well as information economic theories, this thesis has a detailed analysis on the institutional settings, effects, advantages and disadvantages, and the institutional conditions and environmental factors of each directing methods in the US, so as to inform us from a macroscopic view of the institutions and approaches of US in directing civil organizations. This thesis also analyzes the problems of defense scientific research system in our country and in referring to the U.S. success proposes a series of suggestions to promote civil and military merge, to enhance the depth and width of fair competition, and to use flexible and effective motivation mechanism to develop technology for both military and civil use. Finally, this thesis proposes the suggestions and measures to reform our national defense scientific research system, and to improve the defense research ability as well as the efficiency of defense research investment.更多还原