室内空气微生物污染调查及采用数值模拟法控制的研究

【作者】 程刚；

【导师】 刘迎云；

【作者基本信息】 南华大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 室内空气污染在近年来已经引起了广泛关注，特别是2003年SARS发生之后，微生物污染作为室内环境污染的一个重要组成部分，现今已经成为世界各国研究的热点问题。本文分别对学生公寓宿舍(新一栋)，某医院手术室以及超市这三个场所的室内空气微生物进行了研究，并在此此基础上采用数值模拟的方法以医院手术室为例对怎样控制室内微生物污染进行了研究。研究结果表明： 室内微生物污染最严重的属于超市，整个室内空气微生物浓度一般在春季的到高峰，真菌表现的特别明显。对于室内微生物日变化来说自然通风的学生宿舍在8点和23点为污染的高峰期，对于装有空调的超市来说室内微生物的浓度在21点得到高峰，医院手术室的微生物浓度一直保持在稳定状态。空调房中室内空气微生物浓度在空调刚开启30分钟后得到最大值，室内微生物污染的影响除了受室外的影响还要受诸如通风状况，室内温度，相对湿度和空气流动速度。空气细菌、空气真菌和空气放线菌的粒度分布特征各不相同，并且不随着时间和空间的变化而变化。空气细菌呈偏态分布，大于2.0μm的粒子约占总数的80.0％，小于1.0μm的粒子最少，约占9.0％。空气真菌呈对数正态分布，1.0-6.0m的粒子约占70.0％。小于1.0μm的粒子最少，约占5.0％。空气放线菌粒度分布与正态分布恰好相反，大于8.2μm和小于1.0μm的粒子约占60.0％；3.0-6.0μm的粒子最少，约占10.0％。此外不同功能区优势真菌粒度分布规律基本一致。枝孢属，青霉属和曲霉属粒度主要分布在F3，F4和F5(1.0-6.0μm)中，约占总数的85.0％，呈对数正态分布。而交链孢属和无孢菌主要分布在前4级(＞2.0μm)，分别约占总数的90.0％和75.0％，呈偏态分布。 医院手术室可采用方形风口上送下回式、条形风口上送下回式、条形风更多还原

【Abstract】 Indoor air pollution and its resulting health risk is one of the major concerns of the general publics in recent years, particularly after the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Airborne microbe, as a important indoor pollution factor, has become a new research problem in many country. In this paper, the microbe pollution in a bedroom, a market and a hospital operation room were investigation and then CFD was used to simulation the pollution in the operation room. The results showed that:The highest bacteria and fungi counts were found in the market and the maximum counts of airborne microbe were gotten in the spring, especially for the fiingi. The peak value of microbe concentration in a day was 8:00 and 23:00 in bedroom and for the market was 21:00. The counts in the operation room were very stable. The airborne microbial concentration was highest after air conditioning started about 30 minutes in the market. In addition to the effect of outdoor, some factors such as temperature, relative humidity and air movement might affect the levels of airborne microbe in the rooms. The distribution characteristics which are not changed with the different functional regions and periods are very different among airborne bacteria , fungi and actinomycete. Airborne bacteria appear skew distribution, the particles larger than 2.0 μ m account for 80.0% of the total while smaller than 1.0 μ m contribute 9.0 % approximately. Airborne fungi are recorded with normal logarithm distribution, the particles between 1.0 μ m and 6.0 μ m account for 70.0% while smaller than 1.0pm contribute 5.0% approximately. The distribution of airborne actinomycete are completely opposite to fungi, the particles larger than 8.2 μ m更多还原