【作者】 任同喜；

【导师】 贠克明；

【作者基本信息】 山西医科大学 ， 法医学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目的 1．建立盐酸地芬尼多中毒死亡、死后再分布、死后弥散的动物模型，观察动物的中毒表现和死后各组织脏器的病理变化； 2．研究盐酸地芬尼多致死动物体内的死后分布和死后再分布，为盐酸地芬尼多中毒死亡案件的法医学鉴定提供科学依据； 3．研究盐酸地芬尼多在家兔体内的死后弥散特点，探讨死后再分布的可能机制。方法 1．动物模型及检材采集和处理 1．1 死后分布模型大鼠22只，分两组(1600mg／kg、800mg／kg。第1组6只，盐酸地芬尼多1600mg／kg灌胃。第2组16只，盐酸地芬尼多800mg／kg灌胃，观察4小时，未死者，颈椎脱臼致死。待呼吸和心跳全部消失时，迅速解剖大鼠，取脑、心、肺、肝、脾、肾、脑、胃和心血等组织脏器和体液，检测其中盐酸地芬尼多含量。 1．2 死后再分布模型大鼠30只，分别灌服盐酸地芬尼多800mg／kg，观察4小时，颈椎脱臼致死。待染毒大鼠呼吸和心跳全部消失后，立即分别置于室温下，分别于死后0，4，8，16，24，48，72小时提取大鼠的心血、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、肌肉(左腿)和心血，检测其中盐酸地芬尼多含量。 1．3 死后弥散动物模型 1．3．1 死后弥散家兔24只完全夹闭气管12分钟后，分别经灌胃管灌入盐酸地芬尼多400mg／kg，分别于灌胃后1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96小时各解剖3只，取材。 1．3．2 剂量对死后弥散影响 家兔12只，分4组，完全夹闭气管12分钟后，分别经灌胃管灌入盐酸地芬尼多400mg／kg、200mg／kg、80mg／kg、40mg／kg，24小时后取材。 1．3．3 死后灌胃时间对死后弥散影响 家兔12只，分4组，完全夹闭气管12分钟后0分钟、30分钟、60分钟、120分钟分别经灌胃灌入盐酸地芬尼多400mg／kg，24小时后取材。 采取家兔的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、肌肉、心血、外周血、胆汁和尿，检测其中盐酸地芬尼多含量。 2．病理观察取死后分布模型脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾等组织，用4％甲醛固定，石蜡包埋，切片，HE染色，光镜观察。 3．盐酸地芬尼多检测方法 样品匀浆后，加入内标，经酸、碱处理后，乙醚萃取，气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用检测，根据盐酸地芬尼多的特征离子峰、保留时间定性，工作曲线法定量。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE:1. To develop the postmortem distribution, postmortem redistribution and postmortem diffusion animal models of difenidol hydrochloride by an intragastric administration, observe mainly vital signs and pathology of animals after a fatal intragastric administration of difenidol hydrochloride. 2. To investigate the postmortem distribution and postmortem redistribution of difenidol hydrochloride in animals to provide a scientific evidence for the forensic identification of the poisoning death caused by difenidol hydrochloride. 3. To study postmortem diffusion in rabbits after an intragastric administration of difenidol hydrochloride to illustrate the possible mechanism of the postmortem redistribution. METHOD:1. Animal model and Collection of samples1.1 Postmortem distribution model: Twenty two rats were randomly allocated to two groups, the first group (six rats) were given an intragastric administration of 1600mg/kg weight of difenidol hydrochloride; the second group sixteen rats) were given an intragastric administration of 800mg/kg weight of difenidol hydrochloride. After having been observed for 4 hours, the rats, which were alive, were executed by a cervical vertebrae luxation. The rats were dissected as soon as the vital signs disappeared, and the specimens such as brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle (left leg), bile, urine, heart blood, peripheral blood, were sampled immediately.1.2 Postmortem redistribution model: Thirty rats were respectively given an intragastric administration of weight of 800mg/kg. After having been observed for 4 hours, the rats, which were alive, were executed by a cervical vertebrae luxation. As soon as the vital signs disappeared, the rats were randomly placed at room temperature. The specimens such as the brain ,heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle (left leg) were collected at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours after the death and was analyzed in 24 hours.1.3 Postmortem diffusion model1.3.1 Postmortem diffusion: After having been shutted the windpipe completely for 12 minutes, twenty four domestic rabbits were respectively given an administration of difenidol hydrochloride (400mg/kg) by a stomach tube. The samples of every three rabbits were respectively and randomly collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after the intragastric administration.1.3.2 The effect of the dose to the postmortem diffusion: Twelve domestic rabbits were randomly allocated to four groups, and given an administration of difenidol更多还原