【作者】 雷秋娥；

【导师】 陈辉；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 机械工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,液化石油气在工业和人民生活中得到日益广泛的应用,储运液化石油气的液化石油气铁道罐车不断增加。随着我国石化企业逐年增加进口高含硫原油的加工,致使液化石油气所含硫化氢腐蚀介质的增加,对储运设备造成腐蚀及应力腐蚀日益严重的现象,引起了人们的重视和关注。 本文通过对液化石油气铁道罐车结构及受力分析、说明它的失效形式主要是腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳,引起失效的主要因素是腐蚀;通过对罐体出现裂纹及鼓泡现象的分析,提出液化石油气铁道罐车腐蚀主要形式是湿H₂S环境引起的材料应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）和氢鼓泡（HB）,对液化石油气铁道罐车影响最大的腐蚀是湿的H₂S环境引起的材料应力腐蚀开裂,通过对液化石油气铁道罐车湿的硫化氢应力腐蚀的机理、特征进一步分析,提出了焊接残余应力、硫化氢浓度、环境温度、材料因素和设计结构是影响应力腐蚀的主要因素;提出防护和控制液化石油气铁道罐车的应力腐蚀应从设计、制造及使用管理等三个方面着手。设计方面选材应合理,避免结构的应力集中;制造方面应严格控制所用材料的质量,制定成熟合理的焊接工艺,减小焊接残余应力,严格控制制造质量;使用管理方面应控制硫化氢浓度,降低介质的腐蚀性,加强维护管理。为设计、制造及使用管理等三方面提供了防护和控制液化石油气路罐车应力腐蚀的见解。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, LPG has been broadly used in industry and civil area which leads to continuous increasing of rail tank car transporting & storing LPG. The increase of processing imported high-sulfur crude oil year after year that results in the increase of erosion medium as sulfurated hydrogen which leads to increasing corrosion in storage equipments has drawn serious notice and much attention.Through explanation of LPG rail tank car structure and stress analyses and analyzing crack on the tank & bulb phenomenon, the paper states that stress corrosion on rail tank car mainly comes from stress corrosion crack occurred around the welding line on material in humid sulfurated hydrogen environment. The main form is HB and SSCC. Through further analyses of theory and characteristics in stress corrosion of Sulfurated hydrogen in LPG on tank body, the author presents main factors that affect stress corrosion such as remained welding stress, concentration of Sulfurated hydrogen, ambient temperature, material and designed structure and three aspects (design, manufacture, operation management) from which to resist and control corrosion stress. Material chosen in design should be reasonable to avoid stress concentration. Material quality control in manufacture should be strict and welding process should be feasible and reasonable to decrease remained welding stress. Controlling concentration of Sulfurated hydrogen, lessening causticity in medium in management should be strengthened. The author provides solutions for resisting and controlling stress corrosion on LPG rail tank car from design, manufacture and operation management.更多还原