【作者】 蔡明浩；

【导师】 肖汉仕；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 社会学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】基于对长沙市境内四所大学的调查

【摘要】 当前,我国正处在社会急剧转型的时期,社会的各个层面在进行自身的调整与转轨。在这样的历史性时期,我国进行了一系列的经济体制改革和政治体制改革。目前,随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展,高等教育体制改革和劳动人事制度的改革不断深化,特别是大学毕业生就业制度的改革,实行了“双向选择,自主择业”的就业制度,多年来不曾出现的择业求职问题第一次摆到了大学生的面前。一方面,由于高校扩招,毕业生绝对数量的增长,相对“精英”岗位的减少;另一方面由于转型时期的社会失范、价值观念的转变以及大学生择业经验的缺乏使得大学生的择业更加呈现不容乐观的状况。本文试图以人力资本、社会资本理论为基础从大学生理性选择职业的视角研究影响大学生职业选择意向的因素问题。 本文最后指出,由于我国社会的现实状况,大学生“就业难”问题在宏观层面上必定还要存在一段时间,但是我们也可以通过采取各项综合措施和办法尽可能地减低它对社会的冲击。笔者认为这些措施和办法主要是:通过教育改革,加大教育投入、提高大学生素质,创建大学生良好的社会实践渠道来提升大学生的人力资本;增强大学生的社会资本积累;为大学生提供良好的择业服务;正确引导大学生的择业期望值使其更接近社会需求;正确引导大学生择业意向,使其能够树立“到需要我的地方去”的意识。通过这样的措施,实现大学生择业意向的转变,以达到缓和当前“就业难”问题的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, our country is at the period of dramatic social transformation, and all levels of the society is carrying on its own adjustment and shift. At this historic period, our country experiences a series of reforms of economic and political systems. Currently, along with our country’s development of socialist market economy, reforms of higher education system and labor personnel system are deepened continuously. In particular, the employment system reform of university graduates, has practiced the employment system of bilateral choices, independent job-hunting ". Therefore, university students are faced with the problem of job-hunting which has not come up since many years. University students’ job-hunting presents a non-optimistic situation, because of expanding recruitment, absolute increase of graduates and relative decrease of "elite" posts on the one hand;on the other hand because of the invalidity of social norms, changes of value concepts at the period society of transformation as well as university students’ scarce experience at job-hunting. Based on the theories human capital and social capital, this text tries to study influence factors upon university students’ job-hunting desires from the view of their rational employment choice.Finally, this article points out that, as the real condition in our society, the problem of university students’ "employment difficulty" still has to exist unavoidably on the macroscopic level. However, we can also take various comprehensive measures and channels to turn down its impacts upon the society. Personally, these measures and channels are mainly as follows: by means, of education reforms, to enlarge educational investment, to raise university students’ quality, and establish excellent social internship channels for universitystudents so as to promote their human capital;to strengthen university students’ accumulation of social capital;to provide university students with good service;to properly guide university students’ employment expectation so as to gear to social demands;to properly guide university students’ job-hunting desires and to make them hold the idea of "go to where needs me". Through these measures, to achieve the shift of university students’ job-hunting desires so as to attain the purpose of mollifying current problem of "employment difficulty".更多还原