【作者】 魏雄武；

【导师】 杜传进；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 从柴油机工作原理的提出到现在的一百多年来,柴油机技术得到了全面的发展,柴油机以其良好的动力性、经济性和可靠性而广泛地应用于各种机械装置,尤其是作为车辆动力。微粒作为柴油机的主要排放物之一,因对人体危害之大,已引起世界各国政府的普遍关注并纷纷制定了严格的柴油机/车排放法规。当今,柴油机微粒的排放控制技术已成为柴油机技术发展中的核心之一,特别是排气后处理技术的研究。 论文介绍了柴油机微粒排放控制的机内与机外净化技术,通过对各种技术的对比分析,提出微粒捕集技术是最为有效的控制柴油机微粒排放的技术措施,而微粒捕集器的再生技术则是其应用成功与否的关键所在。本文研究了柴油机微粒的形成机理、物理特性、排放规律以及柴油机运转参数对其排放的影响,同时深入探讨了微粒捕集器的捕集机理、过滤体材料特性与其发展现状以及再生技术的对比分析。通过比较分析与研究当前微粒捕集器的再生技术,可以得出这样的结论:单纯的采用某一种再生技术都有其不足之处,多种再生技术的组合是发展趋势。故作者提出了两种组合方式的再生技术,并同时分别选择了相应的过滤体结构方式。第一种再生技术是柴油添加剂与电加热相结合,通过柴油添加剂降低微粒起燃温度,再生时补充少许空气,只需少量的电能就能点燃微粒,通过微粒燃烧产生火焰的蔓延来完成整个捕集器的再生,过滤体材料选用编织纤维。第二种再生技术是基于对补气技术研究,采用补气与电加热装置相结合,过滤体选用壁流陶瓷过滤体,利用补气可以降低柴油机的微粒排放,然而仅利用补气不足以达到微粒排放要求,必须进一步借助过滤体捕集微粒来满足微粒排放要求,利用电加热装置使捕集器再生,同时补气还有利于延长捕集器的再生间隔时间和再生过程。论文以SOFIM8140.27柴油机为研究对象,对两种捕集器系统进行了结构设计和实验研究,通过对发动机的排放特性和净化装置的过滤特性进行测定与分析,得出微粒捕集器再生的技术参数。从安装微粒捕集器净化装置前后的对比实验可以看出:采用微粒捕集器后,柴油机微粒排放得到了明显改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was more than 100 years that diesel engine’s technology has comprehensive developed from its work principle appearing to now. It is widely applied to many kinds of mechanism because of its good power, the efficiency and the reliability, especially as the vehicle power. However, the particulate as one of the mainly diesel engine exhaust components, because it is harm to the human health, which has aroused the various countries government’s attention which formulated the strict diesel engine/vehicle emission regulations. Nowadays, the control technology of the particulate exhausts has become one of cores in diesel engine technological research, especially the research of exhausts post-processing technology.The paper introduced the main particulate exhaust control technologies of inside and outside diesel. Drawing the conclusion that diesel particulate filter(DPF) technology is the most effective control technology measure of diesel particulate exhaust by contrasting and analyzing many kinds of technologies, but the regeneration technology of DPF is the key condition that is applied successful or not. At the same time, the paper studied the diesel engine particulate formation mechanism, the physical property, the exhaust rule as well as the diesel engine working parameter which influence the particulate emission, simultaneously, discussed the particulate filter trapping mechanism, the filter materials characteristics and development situation, as well as regeneration technologies. By studying DPF’s regeneration technologies, we may draw such conclusion that each kind of regeneration technology owns its deficiency. So, the author intentionally proposed two kinds of combination ways regeneration technology and separately matched its the filter. The first kind of regeneration technology is a way which combines the diesel oil chemical additive and the electric heating, because of reducing the particulate kindling temperature by using the diesel oil chemical additive. At the regeneration time, the regeneration equipment supply the little air and electrical energy, the particulate can be fired and its flame spread to accomplish DPF regeneration;the filter material is ceramic fiber. The second kind of regeneration technology is based on the research of supply air, the regeneration way which uses the electric heating installment, selecting the wall-flow ceramic as the filter. Thesupply air can reduce the diesel engine particulate emission, however, only used of supply air which is insufficient to achieve the particulate emission request, had to further to draw support from the filter trapping particulate to satisfy the particulate emission request. The DPF’s regeneration is caused by using the electric heating installment;simultaneously, the supply air is also advantageous to lengthen the trap’s regeneration time interval and the regenerative process. The paper take the SOFIM8140.27 diesel engine as the research object, has carried on two kinds of DPF’s systems structural design and the experimental study, obtained the DPF regeneration’s technical parameter by testing and analyzing the diesel engine exhaust characteristic and the DPF characteristic. By installing the DPF installment, the contrast experiment to be showed: After using the DPF, diesel engine’s particulate exhaust had the obvious improvement.更多还原