改善冶炼烟气制酸废气排放的研究

【作者】 曾培辉；

【导师】 黄可龙； 余国珍；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 化学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对硫酸生产技术的发展进行了综述,介绍了烟气脱硫技术,同时,从热力学、动力学的角度阐述了烟气制酸基本原理,较详细地分析了其影响因素,提出了如何改善其效率的具体措施;并针对韶关冶炼厂硫酸生产现状与面临的问题,提出了为改善制酸废气排放、节能降耗并提高硫酸系统产能,除确保尾气处理系统高效运转外,还需在以下几个方面对硫酸系统工艺、设备等进行挖潜和更新改造: （1）提高电收尘、净化系统的除尘、净化效率; （2）转化、干吸改造,改善干吸效果,提高SO₂转化率和生产能力。 考虑到净化设备能力不足、转化设备陈旧以及铅锌烧结工艺特点,在尽可能利用原有设备装置以节省投资的前提下,对韶冶制酸系统进行如下技改: （1）净化:电收尘全改用宽极距“C”形板,采用高压恒流源送电;在空塔和洗涤塔间增加一级动力波洗涤器,洗涤塔和一、二段电除雾器进行二合一改造,原一、二段石墨间冷器均改为铅间冷器,空塔系统设备保留,不作改动。 （2）转化:进行二转二吸改造,采用“3+1”二次转化流程,换热流程为ⅣⅠ—ⅢⅡ,干吸工序采用高温吸收工艺。 改造后,通过工艺参数的优化,制酸系统适应工艺波动能力及自热平衡能力较强,总转化率超过99.50%,120m烟囱排放SO₂和酸雾达标率提高,排放总量大幅下降,其它指标均有不同程度的改善。同时,通过攻关,实现了烧结与硫酸同步开机生产,进一步改善了低空污染和操作环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of the production technique of sulphuric acid is reviewed and desulfurization of the fume is introduced in this paper. In the mean time, the fundamental principle of acid making is elaborated on, its influencing factors are analyzed in detail and specific measures on how to improve its efficiency are put forward from the aspect of thermodynamics and dynamics.In view of the acid production status and the problems be faced with in Shaoguan Smelter, besides insuring the high-efficiency operation of tail gas treatment system and tapping the latent power, renovations and reformations should also be made toward the technology and equipments of the acid making system from the following aspects to improve the exhaust emission, save energy, reduce the consumption and improve productive capacity.(1) Improving the efficiency of electric precipitation and dust removal and purification of purification system.(2) Modifying the conversion, drying and absorption system and improving the effect of drying and absorption, the conversion rate of sulphur dioxide and production capacity.Considering the scarce capacity of purification equipments, the overage conversion equipments and technological characteristic of zinc and lead sintering process, we made the following modifications toward the acid making system in Shaoguan Smelter premised that the existing equipments could be utilized to reduce investment outlay.(1) Purification system: C-shaped plates with wide polar distance and constant current source with high voltage were adopted in electric precipitation. A stage of dynamic wave scrubber was added between the empty tower and washing tower. The washing tower was merged with the first and second stage of electrostatic demisters and the existing first and second stage graphite intermediate coolers were replaced by lead ones. The empty tower was reserved without any modification.(2) The conversion system: The double-conversion and double-absorption technology was adopted.After the modification, the acid making system has large adaptive capacity of technological fluctuation and self-heating balanced capacity with over 99.50 percent of overall conversion rate. The rate of the reach of the set standard of sulphur dioxide discharge of 120m chimney and acid mist was improved .The total amount of the dischargewas decreased considerably and the other indexes were improved to a greater or less extent. At the same time, after settling the technical problem, synchronization of starting up the sintering and the acid making process was realized, which improved the pollution at low-level atmosphere and the operation environment further.更多还原