【作者】 陈协明；

【导师】 张硕慧；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着海上液体化学品运输、中转量的不断增加,化学品泄漏风险也日益增加,对海上泄漏化学品行为进行合理、可信的数值模拟,而沉降型化学品由于最终进入沉积物而可能带来更大的潜在危险,故并在此基础上构建GIS支持下的海上溢漏事故应急决策支持系统具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。 根据国际和国内在有关公约和法规方面的有关规定,在研究了化学品海上运输对环境造成危害的基础上,从管理的角度出发分析建立相应的污染事故应急反应体系的迫切性。 潮流场是影响化学品水中行为的主要因素。在分析国内外潮流模拟现状和发展趋势的基础上,以珠江口为应用海域,用HAMSOM模式求解潮流场,并将预报结果调和成调和常数存储,建立潮流场快速预报模式,并通过和实测数据的比较证明了计算结果的合理性。分析近海水域环境污染扩散数值模拟的研究应用现状基础上,根据沉降型化学品的性质及其在海上的行为特点,分别建立沉降型化学品行为数值模拟的对流扩散方程模式和粒子拉格郎日迁移模式,确定求解方式并将其软件化。 最后,选取珠海附近海域的一次化学品泄露事故为例,根据化学品泄漏的数量、化学品的物理化学性质、珠江口的海洋环境条件等各种数据,对化学品泄漏后的漂移扩散分别以求解对流扩散方程和粒子示踪的方式进行模拟,取得合理、快速的预测结果,为事故的应急反应提供决策参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing transportation of liquid chemicals in bulk by ships, the risk of the chemicals spill is getting higher and higher. So the reasonable numerical modeling of the spilled chemicals at sea is a key technique for the risk assessment and contingency decision-making. The sinkable chemicals spilled at sea always ended in sediment, so the design of decision-making support system for sinkable chemicals spilled shipboard have academic and applied sense.Based on the analysis for the environmental harm caused by the transportation shipboard of chemicals and research on related ordain in the international common and intestine law , the paper analysis the impelling need of establishing related respond system for contaminative accident. After analyzing the character of sinkable chemicals and that of all action progress after this type of chemicals spilled into the sea, the paper established corresponding numerical model and programmed them.The tidal ground is the key factor who affect the action of spilled chemicals. Based on the analysis of the State-of-the-art numerical modeling on the tidal current, spreading of pollutant at sea. Then selected the Pearl River Estuary as the application region, simulated tidal ground using HAMSOM. Model, then calculated the tidal consistent constant and saved as map layer as the data for tidal fast prediction. The result of comparing the model result and investigative data indicated its rationality.Later applied the model in the numerical predication of sinkable chemicals spilled beside ZhuHai region. Inputted the quantity of spilled chemicals, the type of chemicals, the marine environmental background et al, then get physical and chemical character of the chemicals from database which had been established, simulated its action individual by all the model established for each progress. The result was showed in the GIS(geography information system) and indicated its rationality.更多还原