【作者】 李树鹏；

【导师】 赵献军；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用水提醇沉法从中药黄芪中得到一种粗提物,硫酸-苯酚法测得其中多糖纯度为36.12%。另外对黄芪多糖及其水解后产物进行紫外光谱分析,结果表明黄芪多糖紫外光谱没有出现核酸和蛋白质、氨基酸类物质的特征吸收,水解后产物在300nm 处与葡萄糖和半乳糖有相同吸收峰,且发现水解液在230nm 处有最大吸收。　通过体外抑菌试验研究了黄芪多糖对2株益生菌和3株致病菌生长的影响以及2株益生菌对致病菌株的抑制作用。结果50μl、100μl 和200μl　0.1%的黄芪多糖水溶液对2 株益生菌(乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌)、3 株致病菌(葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌)均有抑制作用(P<0.05);一定浓度的乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌对3 株致病菌也有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。　本研究将240 只商品代海兰蛋雏鸡按体重随机分为4 组,第1 组为空白对照组,2、3、4 组为试验组,在基础日粮基础上分别添加220mg/kg 黄芪多糖、4×107cfu/g 益生菌剂以及220mg/kg黄芪多糖+4×107cfu/g益生菌剂,观察黄芪多糖和益生菌对雏鸡生长和免疫的协同作用。结果显示黄芪多糖、益生菌和合生元均能显著提高雏鸡周增重(P<0.05),减少饲料消耗(P<0.05),降低料肉比(P<0.05),但未发现合生元组雏鸡生产性能与黄芪多糖和益生菌组有明显差异(P>0.05)。试验期内雏鸡血清总蛋白含量试验组均较对照组升高(P>0.05),血清葡萄糖含量试验组均较对照组降低(P>0.05)。合生元显著增加乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P<0.05),减少大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),且较单一添加差异显著(P<0.05)。　添加合生元对雏鸡免疫功能有明显增强作用。合生元组整个试验期法氏囊和脾脏指数均显著高于空白组、黄芪多糖组和益生菌组(P<0.05);3 个试验组雏鸡血清新城疫抗体效价均较对照组升高了19.30%、22.81%、28.07%和32.56%、27.91%、46.51%,差异显著(P<0.05),且以合生元对新城疫抗体效价的影响最显著(P>0.05);合生元组雏鸡ANAE 阳性细胞率2 个日龄均较对照组和黄芪多糖组差异显著(P<0.05),与益生菌组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组雏鸡红细胞C3b 受体花环促进率均较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),抑制率均降低,但只有42 日龄合生元组差异显著(P<0.05);3 个试验组之间红细胞花环促进率除42 日龄合生元组显著高于黄芪多糖组(P<0.05)外,其余均差异不更多还原

【Abstract】 A crude production extraction of Astragalus membranaceus , Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) ,was gained through hot water extracting and ethanol depositing. The polysaccharide content of crude APS was 36.12% determined by vitriol-phenol method. The ultravioley spectrum revealed that APS did not contain protein and nucleic acid. the hydrolyzed production of APS had the same most absorbance with glucose and galactose at 300nm. And the hydrolyzed production had also the most absorbance at 230nm. Antimicrobial activity was studied of APS to Lactobacillus (L.lactis), Bacillus and E.coli, S.typhimurium, Sta.aureus and the activity of Lactobacillus and Bacillus to E.coli, S.typhimurium, Sta.aureus. The results showed that 50μl,100μl and 200μl 0.1% water solution of APS could significantly inhibit the proliferation of all strains(P<0.05). And some contents of Lactobacillus and Bacillus significantly inhibited E.coli, S.typhimurium and Sta.aureus. Cooperation effects of APS and profitable microbe (PM) on growth performance and immune function of chicks were studied. 240 Hy-Line chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups. The basic diet of the 4 groups was the same and treatments were as follows: control (no APS and no PM), 220mg/kg APS, 4×107cfu/g PM and 220mg/kg APS+4×107cfu/g PM. The results showed All of APS, PM and the compounds could significantly increase Average Growth of Each Week (P<0.05), decrease forage consumption (P< 0.05), lower feed/growth (the decrease was respectively 13.96%, 15.26% and 12.34%, P<0.05). But it showed that there was no significant difference of growth performance between PM+APS group and APS group or PM group (P>0.05). Compared to the control group, serum total protein of the trial groups were higher (P<0.05), but serum glucose was lower (P<0.05). The population of L.lactis and Bifido. Of PM+APS group were significantly higher (P<0.05) E.coli was significantly lower(P<0.05), and the action excelled any single one(P<0.05). Immunopotentiation of the compounds of APS and PM were found in the research. The index of Bursa of Fabricius and Spleen of APS+PM group were both significantly higher than the others (P<0.05). Serum antibody titer to Newcastle disease vaccine of trial groups were remarkably higher than control group (P<0.05), and the increasing extent were respectively 19.30%、22.81%、28.07% and 32.56%、27.91%、46.51%. And the effect of APS+PM group is the best remarkable(P>0.05). ANAE positive cells of APS+PM group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of control group and APS group in 21 day and 42 day(P<0.05), but not significantly than that of PM group(P>0.05). RFER of three trial groups were all significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). RFIR of three trial groups were all decreasing(P>0.05), but Only APS+PM group was significant in 42 days(p<0.05). Among three trial groups, RFER were not significantly increasing(P>0.05) except the APS+PM group in 42 days to the APS group(p<0.05). RFIR of APS group and PM group were both more than the APS+PM group, but only while in 42 days it was significantly(P<0.05). It was studied on the tissue structure of chick. Compared to the control group, lymph follicle of Bursa of Fabricius increased in size and the plica increased. Thymic corpuscles increased in size and nummer. Periarteriolar lymphoid increased in size and splenic corpuscle increased in nummer. Villus of Ileum and Cecum increased in high and width and was arranged tightly. Glblet cells and lymphocyte of mucosa increased in size. Wall of insteines of chick increased in thickness in 21 days and became thin with increase of the days.更多还原