铜合金导线材料的滑动摩擦磨损性能研究

【作者】 徐春园；

【导师】 丁雨田；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文针对电接触导线材料摩擦磨损行为的特殊性,为连续定向凝固技术生产新型电接触导线材料早日市场化提供可靠的实验和理论依据为背景,自行研制了一台新型的电接触滑动摩擦磨损试验机。本试验机即可测电接触材料的干滑动摩擦磨损特性,也可测电接触条件下的滑动摩擦磨损特性。该设备结构简单、操作方便,测量数据较准确,可在一定范围内实现电压、电流、载荷、速度的单、多因素控制,可有效地对不同的电接触材料进行摩擦学性能研究。在电接触滑动摩擦磨损试验机上,进行了一系列的电接触摩擦磨损实验,均取得了满意的效果,并将这些实验结果,用于提高铜接触导线的导电性和耐磨性,得到了较好的效果。 本文对热型连铸生产的单晶铜、Cu-0.1Ag合金导线进行了电学性能测试;并且在自制的电接触滑动摩擦磨损试验机上,对单晶铜及Cu-0.1Ag合金在以黄铜为摩擦副的条件下,施加不同的载荷(0-40N)和速度(1-3m/s),进行了干滑动摩擦磨损实验,分析讨论了电接触导线材料在干滑动摩擦磨损条件下的质量磨损率及磨损表面的形貌。同时,对单晶铜及Cu-0.1Ag合金进行电接触滑动摩擦磨损实验,分析探讨了电流(0-20A)、电压(0-30V)作用下对电接触导线材料磨损性能的影响,并对磨损行为和机理进行了分析。另外对纯铜进行同样的实验,分析对比干滑动及电接触滑动摩擦磨损对不同材料的影响。 实验结果表明:单晶铜、Cu-0.1Ag合金的质量磨损率与载荷基本上呈线性关系,并且随着载荷的增大,质量磨损率明显增加,在相同载荷作用下Cu-0.1Ag合金的抗磨性能明显优于单晶铜。滑动距离、滑动速度对金属的磨损也有较大的影响,而且Cu-0.1Ag合金的抗磨性能明显优于单晶铜。电流的增加使得Cu-0.1Ag合金的热效应急剧增大,表面温度增加的较快,导致材料的耐磨性能下降。单晶铜及Cu-0.1Ag合金的质量磨损率与电压都近似呈线性增加关系,随着电压的增加,单晶铜及Cu-0.1Ag合金的质量磨损率也随着增加。通过实验表明:在有电流的条件下Cu-0.1Ag合金比单晶铜更易氧化,塑性变形量较大,因此单晶铜的耐磨性能较好。 采用连续定向凝固技术生产的单晶铜及铜合金导线材料,具有良好的导电性、高强度、耐磨性以及耐电蚀性等综合性能,是一种具有巨大应用前景的先进更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the particularity of friction&wear behaviors of electro-contact lead materials, to provide reliable experimental&theoretical basis for general adoption of market principle of new-type electro-contact lead materials by continuously directional solidification technology, a new-style electro-contact sliding friction&wear testing machine has been successfully developped. Such new-type prototype not only can be used to measure unlubricated sliding frction&wear properties, but also can measure those properties under electro-contact conditions. The device structure is simple and easy to operate, moreover, the data acquired by test is proved to be exact. Single or multiple factors control on voltage, as well as on current、 Ioad、 velocity, to some extent, are promised to be realized. Consequently, research on tribological properties of different electro-contact materials could be effectively carried through. Currently, satisfactory effects have been obtained by a series of electro-contact friction&wear tests on such machine. Moreover, these experimental results have also been successfully used to improve conductivity and wear-resistance of copper-contact leads.In addition, testing has been done on the electrological properties of monocrystalline copper and Cu-0.lAg alloy by thermal continuous cast production. Unlubricated sliding experiments on monocrytalline copper and Cu-0.lAg alloy with brass as frictional pair have been made under loadcase of different load (0-40N) and speed (l-3m/s), mass wear rate and pattern of worn surface of such material under unlubricated sliding conditions have also been dicussed. According to the above experimental results, the influence of current (0-20A) and voltage (0-30V) on wear properties of electro-contact lead materials has analyzed, meanwhile, wear behaviors and mechanisms of such materials have also been discussed. Same experiment has been done on pure copper, influences of unlubricated sliding and electro-contact sliding friction&wear on different materials have been discussed as well.Experimental results have shown that the relationship between mass wear rate of monocrystalline copper or Cu-O.lAg alloy and load displays linear feature. With load increasing, mass wear rate dramatically increases. The wear-resistance property of Cu-O.lAg alloy is distinctly better than that of monocrystalline copper. Sliding distance and sliding speedalso have greater influence on metal wear. The increasing current dramatically produces greater heat effect of Cu-0.lAgalloy, rapid increase of surface temperature will decrease wear-resistance property of such material. Meanwhile, the relationship between mass wear rate of monocrystalline copper or Cu-O.lAg alloy and voltage also approximately displays linear feature. Their mass wear rate increases with voltage. Experiments also show that Cu-0.lAgallloy is easier to be oxidized and plastically deformed under the function of current. Therefore, monocrystalline copper has better wear-resistance.The development of Monocrystalline copper and copper alloy lead materials, by continuous directional solidification, with cpmprehensive properties such as better electricity conductivity, wear resistance、 corrosion-resistance of electricity and higher strength, is an advanced manufacturing technology of great application promise.更多还原