【作者】 吴晓黎；

【导师】 张勇传；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国水能资源分布时空不均,不仅水库群之间存在较大的补偿效益,水、火电之间也存在着很大的互补效益。特别对三峡电站的发电投产和全国联网格局的形成,需要利用不同地区水库来水的异步规律,开展水电站群和跨大区水电站群的优化补偿调度。梯级水电站优化调度的目的在于,满足水电站的运行约束的前提下,使得整个梯级的水资源发挥最大的经济效益;另一方面,国内外水电站经济运行研究大多数只对电站调峰引起的下游非稳定流对航运的影响作粗略处理,得出的运行方式不一定整体最优。在主航道上水电站或梯级水电站的运行问题中,研究由于调峰发电而引起的非稳定流对发电和航运的影响,从而制定合理的发电、航运日运行计划显得十分重要。全文以上述思路为引导,以三峡梯级水电系统短期优化调度为研究背景,结合《三峡梯级水电联合调度》和《三峡数字梯级决策支持系统》两个实际科研课题,研究了梯级短期优化调度的模型和求解算法,对实际中涉及的河道航运等问题进行了探讨性研究,初步取得了一些具有参考价值的成果。论文首先对梯级水库优化调度进行了综述,对目前的一些优化理论方法、现状以及各种方法的优劣进行了探讨,并对航运不稳定流问题做了简要的阐述。论文分两大部分,首先阐述了梯级水库优化调度的求解方法和具体实施过程。文中就给定葛洲坝出库流量模型进行了深入讨论,将该模型分三个子模型考虑:1) 发电量最大,2) 发电效益最大,3) 调峰效益最大。其中,模型1)和2)采用了变状态空间动态规划求解。论文对三个子模型分别进行仿真和计算,将其结果逐时进行比较,较直观地阐明了它们的合理性和实用意义。考虑到航运问题,文中对航运约束和不稳定流问题进行了较深入的探讨。针对三峡到枝城河道的地形特征,建立一维不稳定流模型,在三峡电站预定的航运约束下,研究电站下游不稳定流对航运的影响,提出一种满足约束的调整方案,对不满足航运约束的三峡调峰流量进行处理:通过调整葛洲坝库水位,对三峡调峰流量反调节,削峰填谷,从而达到满足航运的新的调峰流量。最后,论文对所做的工作做了小结,并就今后工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The temporal and spatial distribution of hydro energy resource differs greatly in China. There is remarkable compensation benefit between hydropower and thermal power as well as reservoir group. With the generation of Three Gorges and the formation of the whole power networks in China, it is necessary to deploy an optimal compensative operative among reservoir groups, multi-area reservoir groups, which based on the asynchronous rule of incoming flow from different reservoirs. The goal of cascade optimal dispatching is to gain the maximal economic benefit from the whole cascade hydro energy under the constraints of the operation of hydroplant. On the other hand, since most of the national and international researches on the economic operation of hydroplant considered the influence of the downriver unsteady flow on the navigation caused by station peak shaving only in simple way, the gain operation mode is not likely to be global optimal. In the problem of the operation of hydro plant and cascade hydroplant in main river course, it is very important to study the influence of the unsteady flow on generation and navigation, which results from peak shaving, and then to make a reasonable generation and navigation daily plan.Following the trace presented above, this thesis, combining the two practical projects “Three Gorges Cascade Hydropower Unit Scheduling” and “Three Gorges Cascade Decision Support System”, studied the model and algorithm of cascade short-term optimal operation, discussed navigation problem and gained some referenced result. At first the thesis summarized cascaded reservoir optimal operation. Reviewed the current optimal theories and methods, we pointed out the merits and shortcomings of each method. And we described briefly about unsteady flow problem.There are two main parts in this thesis. Firstly the calculating method and detailed realizing process about cascade optimal operation was introduced. The model when the hourly releases of Gezhouba are fixed was discussed completely. This model was divided into three sub models, the target functions are: 1) gaining daily maximum power generation, 2) gaining daily maximum generating revenue, 3) gaining daily maximum peak shaving revenue. Among them, the sub models 1 and 2 applied status <WP=6>variable space dynamic programming. All the three sub models were simulated and computed and the results were compared to express the rationality and practical meaning of the sub models directly.Secondly the navigation problem was considered. We discussed thoroughly about the navigation constraints and unsteady flow problem. The thesis establishes a one-dimension unsteady flow model based on the topography feature of the river course between Three Gorges and Zhicheng. Under the given navigation restrictions and the designed peak shaving flow of Three Gorges, studying the influence of the downriver unsteady flow on the navigation, and thereby through regulating the water level of Gezhouba hydroplant and reregulating the peak shaving flow of Three Gorges, gaining a new curve of Three Gorges hydroplant for satisfying the navigation demand.Finally, summarized the works we have done and prospected further study for future research.更多还原