生命周期评价在环境治理工程中的应用

【作者】 李晓超；

【导师】 王连军；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 生命周期评价(LCA)是一种对产品、生产工艺以及活动的整个生命周期对环境的压力进行辨识和量化的工具。生命周期评价是在可持续发展要求的推动下，为降低对环境的影响又能满足用户和管理者的需求而提出的。它是将综合预防污染和节约资源的战略用于产品、工艺过程的设计中，以开发出更为生态的、经济的、可持续发展的体系。它是对产品或过程从最初的原材料采集到加工制造、产品使用以及用后处理的全过程进行跟踪和定量分析(即所谓的从摇篮到坟墓)与定性评价的方法。 本文在传统生命周期评价方法的基础上，研究了一套适用于城市污水处理厂的生命周期评价体系。该评价体系综合考虑了环境、经济、技术水平三方面因素，并通过具体实例的考察，对所提方案进行论证，同时也为污水处理厂的经营者和环境管理者提供了数据基础，有利于建设更为环保、经济、可持续发展的城市污水处理厂。另外，在评价过程中采用了层次分析的评分方法，在该层次分析法的使用中，不仅选用了专家评分的定性给分法，同时还根据获取数据的具体数值，运用了定量给分的方法，从而使计算结果对工程实际的体现程度更高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Life Cycle assessment(LCA) is a tool which distinguish and valuate the environmental impact of a product, process or activity throughout its entire life cycle. It is put forward to meet the needs of reducing total environmental impacts while satisfying the demand of customers as well as environmental governor under the force of sustainable development of society. It integrates polluting prevention and resource conservation strategies into the design of the product and process to develop more ecological, economical and sustainable system. It is a quantitative and qualitative analysis method which evaluate the product and process from the collection of raw material to the manufacture, use of the product as well as the disposal of it.A LCA system which is suitable to evaluate the municipal wastewater treatment work is discussed on the basis of the traditional LCA in this paper. It contains environment, economy and technology three factors and is demonstrated by the example. This LCA system provide basic data to the manager and governor, at the same time it is benefit for constructing more ecological and economically sustainable municipal wastewater treatment work. Analytic hiberarchy process is used in the paper. In order to reflect the practice more effectively, quantitative and qualitative evaluate method are both used.更多还原