美国核政策与朝鲜核问题

【作者】 叶继海；

【导师】 王琛；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 冷战时期，朝鲜半岛形成了中、苏、朝北三角对抗美、日、韩南三角的格局。但是冷战后，苏联解体，中朝关系冷淡下来，朝鲜一国不得不对抗美、日、韩三国。朝鲜半岛的冷战格局仍然没有彻底动摇。冷战后的三任美国总统都在朝核问题上大做文章。乔治·布什政府的对朝鲜核政策主要以“诱压”为主。布什主动撤除在韩国的核武器，并积极主张半岛无核化，朝韩在1992年签署了《关于朝鲜半岛无核化共同宣言》。克林顿政府时期的对朝核政策分两个时期，前期以武力打压为主，但朝鲜也针锋相对，酿成了第一次朝鲜核危机。最后双方息战，签署了《美朝核框架协议》。此后美国对朝核政策不断调整，尽管美国对朝鲜仍然不信任，对朝核政策反反复复，中间还出现了“导弹危机”、“金仓里核设施风波”，但是美朝关系还是不断走向缓和。1999年10月，“佩里报告”出台，这是美国比较明智的一个对朝核政策，表明克林顿政府对朝核政策的最终定型。随后的美朝高层互访，就是这一政策的体现。随着克林顿第二届任期的很快结束，新上台的乔治·W·布什政府反对美朝关系的改善，以更大的“大棒”代替“胡萝卜”，从而导致美朝关系的严重倒退。布什政府的强硬姿态预示着第二次核危机的产生。而2002年10月朝鲜承认拥有核武器则标志着第二次朝鲜核危机走向高潮。与以前不同的是，这次双方手中的“棒子”更大了，爆发战争的可能性更大了。然而，由于诸种因素的制约，比如以往解决朝核问题的经验和国际社会的推动，美朝最终选择了对话解决的方式。从2003年4月的三方会谈到2004年2月的第二次六方会谈，使人们看到了和平解决朝鲜核问题的希望。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the period of Cold War, a pattern came into being in the Korea peninsula that the North triangle including China, Soviet Union and North Korea confronted south triangle composed of United States, Japan and South Korea. However, in the period of post-Cold War, the Soviet Union had disintergrated and the relationships between China and North Korea became frigid. As a result, North Korea, the only state had to stand facing the South triangle. The pattern of Cold War in korea peninsula hadn’t changed ultimately. Three tenure-of-office presidents of United States in the period of post-Cold War kick up a rumpus over North Korea’s nuclear issue.George Bush administration’s nuclear policy towards North Korea was mainly "induce and suppress". George Bush dismantled initiatively the nuclear weapons having been deployed in South Korea and advocated non-nuclearization in Korea Peninsula. Then North Korea and South Korea singed the Common Declaration of Non-nuclearization in Korea Peninsula in 1992.The Clinton administration’s nuclear policy towards North Korea was divided into two stages: Clinton resorted to force in the beginning, which brought about a tit-for-tat struggle of North Korea and led to the first North Korea nuclear crisis. Finally, the two countries suppress their dissension and signed the US-DPRK Agreed Framework. After that, America’s nuclear policy towards North Korea changed continually. Although the White House put no trust to North Korea, and there happened "Missile Crisis", "the wave of nuclear facility in Kumch’ang-ri", the relationships between United States and North Korea went to detente as a whole. In October 1999, "Perry Report" came out. It was a wise nuclear policy of United States towards North Korea and was the final design of Clinton administration’s nuclear policy towards North Korea. The following high-ranking exchange visits expressed the policy.With the expiration of Clinton administration, the newly appointed president of United States, George. W. Bush, opposed to improve the relationships between United States and North Korea. George and waved the "big strick" at North Korea instead of holding out the "carrot", causing a serious retrogression of the two countries’ relationships. George. W. Bush administration’s frigid pose foreboded the coming of the second nuclear crisis. Even more, in October 2002, North Korea’s admitting possessing nuclear weapons marked the climax of the second nuclear crisis. Beingdifferent from the past, the "sticks" in each other’s hands were even bigger than before. It was more likely to go to war than before. However ,owing to several kinds of restrictive factors such as the international societies’ promotion and the past experiences of solving the North Korea nuclear issue, the two countries chosed the way of negotiation ultimately. From three-side talk in April 2003 to the second six-side talk in February 2004, we catch sight of the hope of solving North Korea nuclear crisis peacefully.更多还原