深井充填技术的研究

【作者】 肖卫国；

【导师】 王新民； 高春华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 由于浅地表矿产资源消耗殆尽以及社会发展对矿产资源的需求日益增长，深井开采将是我国未来矿山的发展方向。因为深井采矿存在着巨大的安全隐患，充填采矿法成为深井开采首选的、最安全的、回采率最高的采矿方法。因此，研究深井充填技术具有重大的现实意义。 本文研究了充填体的作用机理和充填对岩爆的两个控制参数-应力释放率和平均矿柱应力的控制，揭示了充填减缓岩爆发生、提高矿石回采率的内在本质。 为了解决矿山充填中充填体的接顶及充填质量控制问题，研究了充填料浆在采场中的流动规律，提出胶结充填体质量的综合评价方法。并从安全生产的角度，提出了合理的充填次数和采场几何尺寸的确定方法；研究还表明：提高充填体整体稳定性就是要提高充填体强度和减小料浆的离析分层程度、确保充填体的完整性，同时解释了下向胶结充填体冒落的内在原因。 阐述了深井充填材料的选择、采集、加工和运输及充填料浆的配比技术参数，重点研究了化学外加剂、磁化水技术以及活化搅拌技术，以及在矿山充填中应用的前景。 针对废料充填，选择了深井矿山可用的四个充填系统，深入探讨了其工作原理和生产工艺流程，特别对膏体自流充填系统进行了技术论证。 对两相流输送技术从实用的角度进行了全面阐述和研究，结合金川矿山充填材料及系统现状，对料浆的水力坡度进行了计算，圈定了流速和充填能力的变化范围，同时，作为对理论的进一步应用，对金川全废料胶结充填的可行性作出了理论论证，同时针对深井充填的要求，导出了变径管满管流输送系统的水力坡度计算公式。 研究了深井充填料浆的三个输送系统，即自由下落输送系统、满管流输送系统、减压输送系统的关键技术。分析了管道磨损的各个影响因素，对深井矿山充填管的选择和减小管道磨损的技术措施进行了研究，从可允许的管道磨损角度出发，推导出充填料浆的最大流速和系统允许的最高压力计算公式。 本文的内容基本概括了深井充填中可能遇到的主要技术问 中南大学硕士学位论文摘要题，并提出了解决这些问题的技术途径和有待进一步深入研究的课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the decreasing of ore resources on the earth’s surface and the increasing of the need for them, deep exploitation will be the tendency of the mining industry in our country. Because there are lots of hidden troubles about safety during deep mining, the back fill mining method becomes preferred with better security and highest recovery ratio. So the study on the deep back filling technology has great significance in mining practice.The action mechanism of back filling body and the control of back filling on rockburst’s two parameters (stress release rate and average jamb stress) are researched in the thesis. The essence of filling reducing rockburst occurrence and increasing of recovery ratio is discovered.In order to solve the problems of back filling body’s connection with top and the control on filling quality, the flow law of filling slurry in stope is studied and the method to estimate synthetically filling quality is put forward. The measure to confirm the reasonable filling time and the geometrical dimension of stope is given from the point of view of the security of production. The results of study argue that main tasks of heightening the whole stability of filling body is to increase the intensity of filling body, decrease the degree of slurry’s segregation and insure the integrality of filling body. The reason of droping of downward cementing filling body is explained.The selection, collection, process, transportation of filling materials in deep mine and the proportioning technique parameters are introduced. Chemical admixture, magnetic water technique and activation stirring technique with their application foreground in the filling are studied.In allusion to flotsam backfilling, the thesis studied the working principle and procreative technical flow of the four filling systems which can be used in deep mining. The technique of backfilling system of paste flow automatically is demonstrated in particular.The transportation technology of two-phase fluent is studies from the point of view of practicality. Combining the filling materials and filling system’s status of Jinchuan mine, the slurry’s hydraulic gradient is calculated and the slurry’s flow speed and the capability of backfilling are given. Furthermore, the feasibility of the full-flotsam cementation backfilling in Jinchuan is demonstrated in theory. To satisfy the requirement of filling in deep mine, the calculation formula of the hydraulic gradient of shift pipes diameter and fully transportation system is deduced.Three transportation systems of filling slurry in deep mining are studied, namely liberty whereabouts feeding system, full pipe flow feeding system, decompressed feeding system. The factors influencing on piping abrasion are analyzed. The selection for backfilling pipes in deep mining and the technical methods to decrease the abrasion of pipes are researched. The calculation formulas of the highest velocity of flow and the highest pressure that the system permitted are deduced from the point of view of pipe’s abrasion.This paper generalized the main technical problems that possibly occur during the filling in deep mine, and the technical approaches are put forward to solve them. Furthermore, the research tasks that should be done more in the future are given.更多还原