论现阶段中国私营企业主的政治参与

【作者】 李丽梅；

【导师】 李阳生；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 私营企业主的政治参与理论是科学社会主义发展史上的一个崭新课题。现阶段中国私营企业主的产生是改革开放20多年的一个自然历史过程，是在当代中国特殊的社会结构和经济政治政策条件下，个体经济发展到一定阶段的产物。从社会属性看私营企业主属于人民的范畴，是中国特色社会主义建设者。从法律赋予公民的权利看，中华人民共和国的公民在法律面前一律平等，任何公民都享有宪法和法律规定的权利，同时必须履行宪法和法律规定的义务，人民依照法律规定，通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务等。作为中国公民又属于人民范畴的私营企业主当然应该享有法律所赋予的参政权利。改革开放以来为我国的社会主义建设作出了重大贡献，并且随着自身素质的提高其参政的愿望和能力也得到提高。而且执政党自身的建设也需要私营企业主的监督。这些都是私营企业主参政的依据。 私营企业主的政治参与理论的内容非常丰富。就参政主体来讲，并不是所以的私营企业主都是现实的参政主体，只有具备相当的经济实力和地位的，并有参政意愿和能力的私营企业主，才有可能参与政治对政府的政策行为产生影响。并通过组织内和组织外的途径，参与到政治生活当中，以实现其参政的目的。 私营企业主的政治参与日益显现出主体参政意愿和参政能力的非均衡性、参政目的的功利性、参政渠道的灵活多样性以及政治参与的强度不高、组织性不强等特点。 私营企业主的政治参与意义重大，私营企业主政治参与理论是对马克思主义政治理论的丰富和发展，经济决定政治，政治对经济有反作用，让私营企业主适当的参与政治，可以使政府了解私营经济发展的需要，从而制定有利于其发展的法规政策，并有利于调动他们的生产积极性，最终促进经济的持续、快速、稳定发展。私营企业主积极的参与政治，有利于发展社会主义民主，推进社会主义政治文明建设；有利于维护团结稳定的政治大局。当然，私营企业主的政治参与也存在一些问题，这就要求党和政府加强对其引导，引导私营企业主政治参与认知的理性化、参与要求的合理化、参与的有序化和合法化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of the private entreprenurs’ political involvement is a brand-new task in the plogeny of scientific socialism. The produce of the private entreprenurs is a natural and historical process since Reform and Opening in the past two decades, and is the offspring when microeconomic developed to some degree under the special social structure and economical and political policy in China in the contemporary era. The private entrepreneurs are a part of the people in their social attributes , and they are builders of the socialism with Chinese characteristics. The law endows citizen with the right that the citizen of the Peoples’ Republic of China is equal beyond the law, any citizen can take the status right, and they should implement the status duty at the same time. The citizen manage the national affair, economic and cultural cause and social affair and so on in all kinds of ways and styles according to the law. It is no doubt that the private entrepreneurs can take the right of political involvement status by law for they are Chinese citizen and be part of the people. They have contributed greatly to the building of socialism of the nation since reform and opening-up, and their desire and capability of political involvement advanced along with their diathesis advanced. What’s more, the building of the party come into power needs to be supervised by them. These are evidences of political involvement of the private entrepreneurs.The content of political involvement of the private entrepreneurs is very abundant. As far as the principal part of political involvement is concerned, not all the private entrepreneurs are real principal part of political involvement, only those who have considerable economical strength and certain status , and have desire and capability of political involvement can be possible to involve polity and affect the policy action of the government, and involved polity life to realize their goal via approach of inside form and outside form. The political involvement of the private entreprenurs showincreasingly non-equilibrium of desire and capability of political involvement of the principal part, goal of involving polity, all kinds of channel of involving polity and the intension of involving polity is not high and the organizing is not strong etc.The political involvement of the private entrepreneurs is signality, the theory of which enrichs and develops the political theory of Marxism. Economy determines polity, and polity reacts economy. The government can know the need of developing private enterprises by letting private entrepreneurs involve polity properly, and then establishs the code and policy which is propitious to them and manoeuvre their enthusiasm of producing, finally, accelerates the development of economy persistly, fleetly, stably. The private entrepreneurs involve polity actively , which is propitious to develop socialism democracy, and push the building of socialism political civilization, and maintain the united and stable political overall situation. Certainly, the political involvement of the private entrepreneurs exists some problems, which needs the party and the government strengthen the lead of them, and lead to perceive the political involvement of the private entrepreneurs rationally, to rationalize their demand and to order and legalize their involvement.更多还原