【作者】 夏文峰；

【导师】 李国华；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 孙犁是一位优秀的现实主义作家，同时又是一位出色的现实主义文学理论批评家。现实主义文学观是孙犁文学理论批评观的核心，是孙犁一生力倡并身体力行的文学观。他的现实主义是一个丰富的理论体系，包含有多方面的内容，并具有自己独特的特色，深受中国传统文学思想的影响，并直接师承于“五四”特别是鲁迅的现实主义文学观，并吸取外国文学思想的有益营养，从而玉成了“孙犁”式的现实主义文学理论批评思想。成为中国现当代文学史上现实主义发展之树上的一枚硕果。“真美善”是孙犁现实主义的核心思想。本文主要从以下几个部分进行了论述：①生活观。生活观是孙犁现实主义文学观的基础，他认为一切都来源于生活，作家要深入生活。②美的追求。孙犁对美有一种强烈的热爱，他一直认为真正的现实主义艺术就是真美善的统一，他一生都在追求美的极致，对美有一种近于固执的执著。③真实(真诚)观。真实(真诚)是孙犁现实主义文学之魂，他把真实(真诚)当作文学的基本原则，现实主义的“起码之点”，“创作的命脉”。④典型观。孙犁深受鲁迅影响，认为创造成功的典型人物是构成现实主义的重要条件，主张以“一个真人为模特儿”的创作方法。⑤人道主义。孙犁把人道主义融入现实主义之中，坚持“为人生”的文学观，他认为凡是伟大的作家，都是伟大的人道主义者。⑥风格论。他认为风格的土壤是生活，主张风格与人格的统一，人格决定风格。⑦文学批评观。真诚是孙犁文学批评的核心指导思想，他认为批评一定要真诚，要有实事求是的精神。⑧批评的风格与特色。孙犁的文学批评主要表现为感悟式、随谈式的散文化、杂文化批评风格，他把作家作品与时代相结合，强调作家的时代背景、生活经历、思想、人格、性情等，使作家与作品对照分析，相互印证，充满浓重的现实主义特色。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sun Li was an outstanding realistic writer, and a prominent realistic literary theorist and critic as well. The core of Sun Li’s literary theory and criticism is realistic literary view, which Sun Li advocated, adhered to and carried on all his life. His realism is a rich system of theory, containing contents in various aspects and peculiar character of his own, namely, he was deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese literary thoughts, directly inherited the realistic view of literary in the "May 4th" period, especially that of Lu Xun, on the other hand, absorbed useful nutrition from foreign literary thoughts, which formed altogether the core of realistic literary theory and criticism in Sun Li style, a fruit in the tree of the development of realism is the thought of, the true, the good, the beautiful. In this theories, it discussed in the following aspects: ￢iew on life. Sun Li’s view on life was the basis of his realistic view on literature, believing that all literature was derived from life and that the writers should approach the life. (2)The pursuit for the beauty. Sun Li had a strong love for the beauty, thinking constantly the real realistic art was the unity of the true, the good and the beauty. He pursues in all his life the perfect of beauty, having a nearly stubborn persistence in beauty. (3)The view of truth and faith. Truth and Faith were the soul of Sun Li’s realistic literature. Sun regarded truth and faith as the basic principle of literature, the minimum point of realism, the lifeline of composing. ￢iew on archetypes. Sun Li, influenced deeply by Lu Xun, considered that to create successful typical character was an essential factor of realism and advocated the composing method of "taking a real person as model". ?Humanism. Sun mixed humanism into realism, insisting on the literary view of "literature for life". He thought that all great writers were great humanists.￢iew on style. Sun Li held that life was the soil of style, and advocated the unity of style and personality. Personality determined style. (7)His literary criticism. The nuclear guideline of his literary criticism was faithfulness. He thought that criticism had to be faithful and based on facts. (8)His style and feature of criticism. Sun Li’s literary criticism was mainly in the style of reflective familiar prosaic and essay like. He combined the writer’s works with their period, emphasizing the historical background, life experience, thought, personality and emotions of the writers, and made comparisons between the writers and works, verifying each other, making his criticism the style of realism.更多还原