纳米过渡金属氧化物的制备及催化性能研究

【作者】 陈爱四；

【导师】 李凤生；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 通过水热法、溶胶-凝胶法分别制备出了纳米球形和立方形Fe₂O₃；采用强迫水解法，通过添加晶型控制剂NaH₂PO₄、HEDP分别制备出了纳米纺缍形和针形Fe₂O₃，通过络合沉淀法制备出纳米球形CuO，通过沉淀法制备出纳米Co₂O₃。采用DTA对上述三种过渡金属氧化物（TMO）对高氯酸铵（AP）的热分解催化性能进行表征。研究表明：催化剂的粒径、含量及形貌等对其催化性能均有不同程度的影响。采用溶剂-非溶剂法分别制备出了纳米Fe₂O₃／AP、CuO／AP、Co₂O₃／AP三种复合粒子。结果表明，在催化剂含量相同的条件下，TMO／AP复合粒子均较相应的TMO与AP的简单混合物催化性能增强，该方法提高了纳米TMO在AP中的分散性，增强了其对AP的催化作用。最后，我们对过渡金属氧化物间及过渡金属氧化物与稀土氧化物间的相互掺杂对AP催化性能的影响作了初步的研究。研究表明，复合催化剂的催化效果表现为三种效应：正协同效应、无协同效应和负协同效应，其取决于复合催化剂中组分及组分的混合比。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the methods of sol-gel, hydrothermal reaction and forced hydrolysis, iron oxide particles with cubic, spherical, spindle and acicular shape were prepared with adding different regulators of crystal growth, such as NaH2PO4, HEDP. And through the methods of complexing-precipitate and precipitate, copper oxide and power blue were prepared respectively. Differential thermal analysis was utilized to indicate the catalytic effect of the transition metal oxides (TMOs) on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Results indicated that the catalytic effect depended on the size, content and shape of the catalysts. Fe2O3/AP, CuO/AP, Co2O3/AP composite particles were synthesized through solvent-nonsolvent method. It was found that with the equivalent content of the catalyst, the composite particles showed better catalytic activity than the simple mixtures of the homologous TMO and AP respectively. At last, the catalytic effect of the catalysts with doping with transition metal oxides or rare earth oxides on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate was studied. The experimental results showed that the catalytic activity of the composite catalysts showed three cooperative effects. The catalytic activity depended on the combination and proportion of the composite catalysts.更多还原