【作者】 关伟；

【导师】 何江；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 沉积物是水体中污染物的源和汇，只有比较深入地了解化学污染物在沉积物-水界面间的吸附等各种传质作用，才能准确地把握其在环境中的迁移、转化和归宿，有效地控制其对环境的污染。本文根据包头市过境黄河水污染严重的现实，选取对硝基苯酚等五种环境中常见的酚类化合物，对它们在黄河水体沉积物上的吸附行为进行了实验研究，初步探讨了酚类化合物在黄河沉积物-水体系中的迁移规律，以期为水体中有机化合物污染的防治提供合理的理论依据，同时为有机污染物在水-沉积物间的迁移规律研究积累基础资料。本研究获得如下的初步成果： 1．给出五种酚类化合物在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附速率曲线和吸附等温式。实验表明，五种酚类化合物的吸附都包括一个快速阶段和一个慢速阶段；Freundlish，Langmuir，BET等温式均能拟合邻硝基苯酚等五种酚类化合物的吸附行为。 2．五种酚类化合物在黄河水体沉积物上的吸附受体系pH值和离子强度影响较大，吸附量随pH值的减小而增大，对硝基苯酚和邻硝基苯酚在沉积物上的吸附量随着体系离子强度的增加而增加，体系pH值较高时，离子强度对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附影响比较明显。 3．沉积物的有机质含量是影响酚类化合物吸附量大小的一个重要因素，即溶解分配过程在黄河水体沉积物吸附酚类化合物中起重要作用。 4．水环境中共存的表面活性剂SDBS对邻硝基苯酚等酚类化合物在沉积物上的吸附有比较明显的影响。SDBS在所测浓度条件下(小于CMC)，促进了酚类化合物在沉积物上的吸附。 5．水-沉积物体系中，当两种以上的酚类化合物同时存在时，可以产生竞争吸附，竞争吸附能力由该种化合物的吸附能力和吸附速率大小决定，吸附能力和吸附速率大的酚类化合物在水体沉积物中具有较大的竞争吸附能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sediment is the source and sink of pollutants in water. It is important to understand deeply different mass transfer process of chemical pollutants between sediment and water to precisely grasp their transport, transformation, and fate in the environment and control their pollution to the environment effectively. This paper was established in the fact that Baotou section of Yellow River is polluted seriously. The adsorption of five kinds of phenolic compounds on sediment of Yellow River was examined in this study. The transportation rules of phenolic compounds in sediment-water system of Yellow River were researched. As a result, some of the transportation rules were put forword, which may be given some reasonable evidence for forecast, prevention and control of organic compounds pollution in Baotou section of Yellow River, and the datum will be accumulated for the study of organic pollutants transportion in sediment-water system. The primary fruits that were found through the experimental datum are:1. The adsorption rate curves and istherms of five kinds of phenolic compounds were given in this paper. The adsorption of these phenolic compounds includes the speediness phase and the slow phase. Freundlish isotherm,Langmuir isotherm and BET isotherm were suggested as the appropriate types for five kinds of phenolic compounds.2. The influence of some factors such as pH value and ionic strength on the adsorption of these phenolic compounds is notable. Lower value of pH and higher ionic strength would increase the sorption of phenolic compounds.3. The content of organic matter of sediment is a important factor influencing the sorption of phenolic compounds. The partition plays a important role in the process of sorption of phenolic compounds into sediment of Yellow River.4. The effect of surfactant SDBS on sorption of phenolic compounds(o-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol ,2,4-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in sediment of Yellow River is notable.The sediment-water partition coefficients K of phenolic compounds increased when the initial concentrations below the surfactant CMCs for SDBS.5. When there are more than two kinds of phenolic compounds in water-sediment system, competition adsorption would occur between them. The capacity of competition adsorption is determined by the sorption capacity and rate.更多还原