元代科举与文学

【作者】 许慈晖；

【导师】 黄强；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 研究科举与文学的关系实质上是把历史与文学相结合起来考察。学界对唐宋、明清的科举与文学关系皆有涉猎，对元代的这一论题关注不多。本文的研究是对该领域作一次粗浅的尝试，力图勾勒出元代的科举文化概貌。研究方法上宏观与微观相结合，既有对历史、文学发展脉络揭示，也有对细部的考证。 “前言”主要简单论说课题研究的学术意义，介绍当前学界对科举文化研究的成果和进展，引出下文的论说。 第一章主要简单介绍元代科举发展的历史概貌，归纳出元代科举制度的四个特征，由这些特征引出下文科举与文学的关系。 第二章主要关注杂剧作为元代文学的标志，它和科举发生着潜在的历史关联。第一节从宏观上把握元代雅俗文学发展态势与科举关系。第二节论述科举存废对杂剧繁荣、衰落以及分期的影响，主要揭示了恢复科举之后历史剧、社会剧、神仙道化剧、爱情剧发生的四种转变。第三节论述“元以曲取士”这一难题，没有武断下结论，而是解析其中科举与文学的文化意蕴。本章的侧重点是论述科举对杂剧的影响。 第三章是承接第二章的逻辑，论述元代杂剧对科举文体经义之影响。第一节交代经义文体上具有八股文的雏形特征。第二节说明在宋代已有叙事文学(小说、杂剧)和雅文学发生文体上的联系。第三节论述元杂剧对科举文体经义上的启示作用：其一是杂剧一人主唱代言体对经义文体的影响，其二是杂剧正旦、正末皆是正面人物对经义之影响，其三是杂剧一本四折对经义形式上的影响。杂剧对经义的这三点作用，延续到明清戏曲和科举文体八股文的关系。第四节揭示杂剧和经义在本质上的相通之处：皆秉承儒家的诗教传统。本章是全文的议论重点和创新点，从比较新的角度考察科举文体与俗文学的交叉作用。 第四章论述元代科举存废对诗文发展之影响，考察科举与雅文学的关系。第一节讨论了元前期“戊戌选试”对文坛的影响，其在诗文领域的主要表现是崇尚浮华文采的风貌，同时兼论书院内部的儒学考试与教育风气。第二节论述的是延祐开科后科举对诗文发展的作用，论说诗文领域主要发生的三种变化：理学气息加重、异域文化汉化、南北文风融合。本章主要揭示延祐恢复科举后，元前后时期文学呈现不同的风貌。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research to the relation between imperial examination and the literature is to combine together the history investigate with literature. Academic circles are concerned for the relation between Tang ,Song, Ming , Qing Dynasty’s imperial examination and the literature, but they ignored that relation in Yuan Dynasty . The current thesis makes the once superficial trial to that realm, tries to figure the imperial examination culture in Yuan Dynasty . Research method is combining the macroscopic with microcosmic together, including not only revealing the development of the history and literature, but also having to textual research to the detail .The full thesis construction is mainly as below with contents:The preface discusses the academic meaning about the subject and introduces the achievement and development of imperial examination culture research.The first chapter mainly introduces the history track of the imperial examination in Yuan Dynasty . The essential point of this chapter is to reveal the reality of imperial examination in Yuan Dynasty and main characteristic that differs from the other dynasties.The second chapter mainly focuses on poetic drama that is the symbol of literature in Yuan Dynasty, which has historical connection with imperial examination subconsciously. The first section discusses the connection between the tendency of the elegant and popular literature development situation and the imperial examination. The second section discusses the result that imperial examination affects the prosperity ,decline and periodic influence of poetic drama , it reveals the four variations in history opera, social opera, fairy opera and love opera. The third section analyses the hard nut whether poetic drama is used in Yuan Dynasty imperial examination without arbitrarily drawing a conclusion, but analyzes the culture implication among imperial examination and literature . The essential point of this chapter is to discuss how imperial examination affects poetic drama.The third chapter discusses how poetic drama affects"Jing-yi"( 经义 )which is the given style in Yuan Dynasty imperial examination . The first section introduces "Jing-yi"is the embryonic form of eight-part essay in style. The second section shows the style relation between narrative literature and elegant literature in Song Dynasty .The third section discusses how poetic drama affects"Jing-yi" in style.Firstly, the solo of poetic drama affects "Jing-yi".Secondly, that in the poetic drama the male and female both are positive character affects"Jing-yi"in style. Thirdly that the poetic drama consisting of four sequence affects "Jing-yi"in style. The fourth section reveals the essential connection between poetic drama and"Jing-yi"that they both inherits "poem-educational" tradition. This chapter is the key to the whole v article , investigating the inter-action between the imperial examination and popular literature from the new angle.The fourth chapter mainly focuses on the connection between the imperial examination and the elegant literary. The first section discusses how"Wu-xu-Xuan-shi" (戊戌选试)and school-exam affect the style and features of literary , as a result of advocating the flashy and genteel style in the poem and essay realm. The second section discusses how imperial examination affects the development of poem and essay after resuming imperial examination, it reveals there variations in poem and essay realm: thickening the "Li-xue" (理学) flavour, assimilation of foreign culture and blend of the south-north literary atmosphere. The essential point of this chapter is to reveal the distinct literary style after resuming imperial examination in the whole Yuan Dynasty literature.更多还原