科学主义与中国语文教育百年改革

【作者】 刘艾清；

【导师】 王乃森；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 科学主义是起源于西方、与人文主义相对的哲学思潮，它崇尚科学知识、科学方法，认为它们具有普适性。科学主义对语文教育影响很大，促进了语文教育的科学化，以及整个现代语文教育框架体系的建立。同时，由于科学主义本身的弊端和语文教育实践中的偏失，科学主义对语文教育的消极影响也逐渐暴露出来。 本文主要从科学主义的视角，来考察中国语文教育百年的改革发展过程，阐明科学主义对语文教育产生的积极意义、负面影响，实事求是地评价科学主义。本文包括引言、正文和结语，正文主要分为三个部分。 引言 中国的语文教育在百年里既取得了长足的发展，又存在很多问题，值得教育界反思。科学主义是影响20世纪中国的重要哲学思潮，也是研究语文教育的独特视角。但目前语文领域对科学主义的研究还不深入，而且存在误区，有必要认真梳理。 第一部分 科学主义及其影响概说。科学对社会发展的巨大作用，促使科学主义哲学形态的确立。推崇科学知识、科学方法是科学主义思潮的核心思想。科学主义在20世纪前后传入我国后，产生了广泛的影响，表现为社会思潮层面的“科玄之战”和教育层面的科学教育思潮，并逐渐形成了科学主义教育观。 第二部分 科学主义对中国语文教育百年改革的影响。科学主义促进了中国语文教育的独立与发展。科学主义认为科学是改造世界、认识世界的重要工具；科学知识是人类知识的典范，教育的中心任务就是传授知识、培养技能。科学主义崇尚理性的方法，重视对教育内容的分析。这些理念一方面影响了百年语文教育观念的发展，形成了工具价值观、知识中心论、理性分析本位三个核心观念；另一方面影响了百年语文教育实践的发展，表现在课程设置、课程目标、课程内容、教学方法、课程评价五个方面。 第三部分 走向科学性与人文性融合的语文教育。人文主义思潮也影响了教育的发展，人文精神的涵养是教育不可缺少的内容。语文教育具有丰富的人文精神内涵，必须重视语文教育的人文性。语文教育应该追求科学性与人文性的融合，具体实践可以从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学评价四个方面来探索融合的途径。 结语 科学主义思潮对中国语文教育百年改革的积极影响是主要的，所以不能盲目批判科学主义。科学主义与人文主义的融合是必然的，应该以此来指导我们语文教育的改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Scientism which is opposing to the Humanism originated in the west .It emphasizes the scientific knowledge, science method, and adaptability. The Scientism has great influence on the Chinese education, promotes the scientific development of the Chinese education, and establishes the frame system of whole Chinese education. In the meanwhile, due to its own defects and the deviation in the Chinese teaching, the Scientism also exposes its negative influence on the Chinese education.This paper investigates the development of the Chinese education in the past hundred years from the view of the Scientism. The positive meaning and negative influence of the Scientism on the Chinese education, and the evaluation of the Scientism are illustrated realistically in this paper. It consists of preface, body and conclusion, and the body is divided into 3 parts.Preface: The Chinese education is greatly developing within a hundred years, but still has a lot of problems, it causes the self-evaluation of the education field. The Scientism is an important philosophy affecting the Chinese education in the 20th century, and it is also a special angle to study the Chinese education. But there are many shortages in the research, and there also exsits false steps.Chapter One: General Description of the Scientism and Its Influence. The important influence of the science on the development of society, helps the establishment of the Scientism as a philosophy. High praise of the scientific knowledge and science method is the core of the Scientism. The Scientism has extensive influence after it was conveyed in China." The war of the Science and Metaphysics " on the level of the social trend of thought, and the trend of scientific education on the level of scientific education are the typical indication. And the view of scientific education is formed gradually.Chapter Two: The Influence of the Scientism on the Chinese Education Reform within One Hundred Years. The Scientism promotes the independence and development of the Chinese education in the 20th century. The Scientism concerns that the science is an important tool to reconstruct the world; The science knowledge is the model of the humanknowledge. The central mission of education is to teach the knowledge and cultivate the skills. The Scientism emphasizes the reasonable methods and the analysis of the contents of education. On one hand, these notions affect the development of Chinese education, and form three key ideas: the tool axiology, knowledge-centered theory, reasonableness-based analysis; On the other hand they affect the development of the Chinese education fulfillment, showing in the aspects of course establishment, course target, course contents, teaching methods and course evaluation.Chapter Three: The Integration of Science and Humanity in Chinese Education. The humanism also affects the development of education, and the cultivation of the humanism is the indispensable content of education. The Chinese education has the abundant humane spirits. It should pursue the integration of science and humanity, The concrete fulfillment can be explored from four aspects.Conclusion: The positive influence of Scientism on the development of the Chinese education is the main theme, so the Scientism should not be critisized blindly. The integration of the Scientism and the Humanism should be the guidance of the Chinese education.更多还原