【作者】 嵇海旭；

【导师】 李丙才；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 回顾已过去的20世纪，科学技术发展成果超过了过去所有世纪的总和。传统的科学正在脱胎换骨，新的科学正在不断地问世，技术的融合程度比任何一次产业革命都高。数控技术产生于这一背景之下，自然符合科技发展的规律，也是机械学科发展的必然结果。它使古老的机械工业焕发青春，也对社会的发展产生着极为深刻的影响。数控技术是从系统的观点出发，将机械技术、微电子技术、信息技术、控制技术、计算机技术、传感器技术、接口技术等在系统工程的基础上有机地加以综合，实现整个系统最优化而建立起来的一种新的科学技术。数控的产生与迅速发展的根本原因在于社会的发展和科学的进步。系统工程、控制论和信息论是数控理论基础，也是数控技术的方法论。微电子技术的发展，促进了数控技术的发展，反过来，数控技术的发展又为微电子的高集成度奠定了坚实的物质基础。没有高精密的数控机床，想要实现电子的高度集成化是根本不可能的，所以探讨数控机床中的驱动支承装置是非常必要的。1947年诞生第一只晶体管，1959年出现了集成电路，70年代开发出微处理器芯片。与此同时，为实现各种功能的专用大规模集成电路芯片如雨后春笋不断涌现，可以说，现在几乎每天都有新型芯片问世。微电子技术的飞速发展，使大规模集成电路具有高集成度、高性能、高可靠性和低价格等优点，这无疑促进了机电一体化技术的发展。但是，微电子技术发展也必须依赖精密加工技术的发展。比如，大规模集成电路芯片的制造有赖于超精密机械加工，而超精密加工设备本身是一种计算机控制的自动化设备，即典型的数控系统，它对精度的保障必须依靠机械技术的进步，尤其是驱动支承装置。如果说控制部分是整个数控系统的大脑，那么驱动支承装置就是数控系统的四肢，所有的动作完全要依靠它们去完成，所以，驱动支承装置的精度、稳定性等对加工的精度具有决定性的作用。驱动支承装置中的定位精度、形变误差、微动装置等都直接影响加工精度，所以探讨了驱动支承装置的这些相关技术，为机械制造方面提供一定的借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Looking back on the twentieth century, the production of the technology development has exceeded the total of all the past centuries. With traditional science thoroughly remoulding oneself, new science is coming out incessantly. The degree of the technology amalgamation is higher than any industry revolution. NC technology comes into being based on this background, according with rule of the scientific development of course, and it is necessary result of the mechanical subject development. It makes the antiquated mechanical industry bloom and has a profound effect on the social development.NC technology which is a new science technology beginning with the system viewpoint, make the technology of the machine,micro-electronics,information, contro, computer, sensor and connection synthesize based on the systems engineering, to make the whole system optimize.The radical reason of the NC arising and developing quickly lies in the social development and science progress. Systems engineering,control theory and information theory are the basis of the NC theory and methodology of the NC technology. The development of the micro-electronics promotes the NC development; on the contrary, the NC technology development is the profound matter basis for the micro-electronics’ high degree of integration. Without high precision NC machine tool, it is impossible to realize high degree of integration of the electro. So it is very necessary to probe into equipment to drive and supporting in the NC machine tool.The first transistor came out in 1947, then molectron appeared in 1959 and microprocessor chip was developed in the 1970s. Micro-electronics developing rapidly, makes the large scale molectron has the advantages of high degree of integration,high capability,high reliability and low price. It promotes the development of technology to put machine and electric together. But the development of the micro-electronics technology must rely on the development of the precision machining technology. For example, the making of the large-scale molectron chip is relied on the high precision mechanicalmachining. The high precision machining equipment itself is an automatic device controlled by the computer, which is typical NC system. To insure the precision, it must rely on progress of the mechanical technology, specially the drive and supporting equipment. If the control part is the brain of the whole NC system, the drive and supporting equipment is the limb of the NC system. All the motion relies on them to complete absolutely. So the precision and stability of the drive and supporting equipment has the crucial effect on the machining precision.Orientation precision,the error of shape change,jiggle device in the drive and supporting equipment affect machining precision directly. So probing into the relative technology of the drive and supporting equipment, gives some use for reference in the mechanical manufacture.更多还原