【作者】 王云辉；

【导师】 徐高潮；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 软件工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着企业规模不断扩大，信息资源正以惊人的速度不断增长。面对这样一个异构、分布、松散耦合型的计算环境，集中的信息处理方式趋于终结，工作流管理技术应运而生。工作流将应用逻辑与过程逻辑分离，可以在不修改具体功能实现而只是修改过程模型的情况下改变系统功能，实现对生产经营部分或全部过程的集成管理，有效地把人、信息和应用工具合理地组织在一起，提高软件的重用率，发挥系统的最大效能。工作流技术还能够支持企业实现对经营管理、生产组织的过程控制和决策支持，实现现代企业对“在适当的时间把适当的信息传给适当的人”的要求。对工作流技术进行深入的研究，对于提高我国企业的信息化程度、运行效率以及竞争能力都有着重要的意义。工作流技术的相对成熟是以1993年工作流管理联盟的成立为标志的。工作流管理联盟的成立意味着工作流技术在计算机应用研究领域之中明确的拥有了自己的一席之地。工作流管理联盟提出了工作流管理系统的体系结构，一个完整的工作流系统包括建模工具、工作流执行服务器、管理工具及用户界面在内的分布式结构。从其体系结构来看，工作流模型是整个系统的基础，它的确定性保证了系统内各组成部分间交互的一致性，也决定了一个工作流系统从设计开发到运行实施的诸多环节，不同的工作流模型也就形成了不同的工作流系统。工作流建模过程的分析与设计是本文的工作重点。本文首先回顾了工作流技术的产生与发展；在此基础上给出了工作流管理联盟提出的工作流管理系统结构模型和参考模型，并对这两个模型的各个组成部分和接口做了详细的说明；然后从工作流实现的业务过程，底层实现技术，采用的任务项传递机制等几个不同方面对工作流系统做了分类；在第一章的最后部分对工作流技术的发展趋势和研究热点做了简单介绍。第二章介绍了以本人在公司实习期间的项目为背景的工作流系统的总体结构设计。该系统是基于开放式J2EE平台的，由客户应用层、业务逻辑层、数据服务层组成的分布式三层体系结构。本文对这三个层次的各自组成、功能和交互关系<WP=59>等做了介绍，另外，还简要列举了系统中需要的通信机制种类。第三章工作流模型设计是本文的重点， 本文首先对工作流模型做了简要的概述，然后介绍了几种常见的由代表性的工作流模型，对每个模型的优缺点进行了论述；接着提出了为本工作流系统服务的基于活动网络的工作流模型，并对组成模型的元素进行了详细的论述，在此基础上，构造出了工作流管理联盟提出的常见的模型的基本控制结构；本文在这章的最后部分依据模型元素特点，对模型的层次结构特性和层次划分进行了简要的论述，模型的基本控制结构和层次结构为实现复杂系统建模奠定了坚实的基础。在上一章的基础上，第四章论述了工作流模型检测。工作流模型检测主要是指合理性检测；为了进行合理性检测，本文首先将工作流各层次模型用集合论表达式描述出来；在此项工作的基础上给出了模型初始化、模型结束、模型安全的检测方法，它们构成了模型的合理性检测。为了充分利用Petri网的强大功能，本文给出了将新建工作流模型转换为基于Petri网的工作流网模型的转换方法以及一种手工验证工作流网模型合理性的方法。上述这些工作确保了建模过程中所建模型的合理性。每个工作流模型都将被保存在数据库中，以达到模型重用的目的。第五章从内存存储和外存存储两种存储模式解决了工作流模型存储问题。在内存存储模式方面本文给出了采用树状结构的有向图来表示的方法；在外存存储模式方面本文给出了采用XML文档格式保存在数据库中的模型存储方法。在第六章，本文给出了工作流建模工具的设计思路；为简化过程建模，本文给出了过程模板建模的方法，将常用的过程定义存入模板库，就可以快速建立相似的过程定义。最后一章是对本文所做全部工作的总结和展望。指出了本文工作存在的不足，指出了下一步工作的重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the scope of the enterprise is expanding uninterruptedly, the information resources are increasing unceasing at the surprising speed. To face such a different distribute, loose calculation, environment of coupling type, the information processing way to concentrate on tends towards ending. The administrative skill of workflow comes into being. The workflow will use the separation of logic and course logic, it can change the systematic function and only have to revise the course model, realize the integration administration of production and operation or the administration of the whole course, organize together people, information and tool validity and rational, raise the use rate of software, in order to bring the systematic into full play. Workflow technology can support enterprise to realize the control course of management and produce organization and realize the decision support, realize the request of the modern enterprise “pass proper information to proper person in proper time.” Researching the workflow deeply has important meanings to the information degree, operational efficiency and competitive power.The sign of the relative ripe of the workflow is the establishment of alliance of workflow in 1993. This establishment means that the workflow technology has own position clearly in the research field of application computer.This alliance puts forward the system structure of the workflow administrative system; one intact workflow system includes modeling tool, the workflow executing server, management tool and the distributed structure with user interface. According to its system, its determinacy has ensured the mutual consistency among every component in the system, has determined too many links of the workflow from designing, developing to operating, different workflow model has formed different workflow system. <WP=61>The analysis and design of modeling course are focal points of this text.This text reviews the production and development of workflow at first; on this basis, provide the structure model of administrative system and consult models provided by the alliance, and has done the detailed explanation to each component and interface of these two models. Then classify the workflow system from several different respect: the business course realized by the workflow, the ground floor realize technology, task item that adopt transmit mechanism; we can read the introduction of the development trend and research focus of technology of workflow in the last part in chapter one.In chapter three, I have presented the overall structural design of the workflow; its background is my project during practice in the company. This system based on open J2EE platform, is a distributed three layers structure that make up by use layer, business logic layer, and data serve layer. Each composition, function and mutual relation to these three levels, etc. has been described in this text. In addition, this text has also enumerated the communication mechanism kind needed briefly in the system.The design of workflow model in Chapter three is the most important part of this text. This text make a brief summary of the model at first, the present several common workflow models that are representative, describe the plus and minuses of each model; then raise the workflow model based on activity network and service of the system, and has carried on the detailed argumentation to the element which made up the model, on this basis, has produced the basically controlling structure raised by the alliance. According to model element characteristic, this text has brief argumentation of hierarchical structure characteristic and level divide, the controlling structure and hierarchical structure basically of the model has settled solid foundation for realizing complicated system modeling. <WP=62>On the basis of Chapter three, Chapter four expounds the check of the workflow model. The check of the workflow model mainly means the rationality measuring in order to carry on rationality measuring, this text flow job every level model更多还原