城市雨水利用与城市水环境改善的研究

【作者】 张晶；

【导师】 许士国；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 城市的快速发展产生了一系列水问题。一方面，由于人口和经济活动的集中，城市的建筑面积不断扩大，不透水地面增加，城市的暴雨径流产生的洪涝灾害不可忽视。另一方面，城市淡水资源匮乏，迫切需要寻找新的供水水源。雨水资源作为轻度污染的水源，水中污染物较少，经过简单处理就可有于生活用水和工业用水。因而增加城市雨水资源的利用量，避免其灾害，并且提高城市雨水资源的利用率将是节水型城市建设的有效措施。 本论文主要研究了城市雨水利用与城市水环境的改善。在调查国内外城市雨水利用发展状况及实例的基础上，分析了城市化进程中，城市化对水资源、水环境、水循环造成的影响，以及城市化、水环境与城市雨水利用的关系，深入研究城市雨水利用的必要性和可行性；对城市雨水利用进行分类，探讨城市雨水利用的途径；对城市雨水利用的理论基础进行研究，建立城市雨水利用基本方式和步骤，并进行分类讨论；探讨城市雨水利用景观及其对城市水环境的改善，并通过对雨水渗透理论和设施的分析，提出雨水渗透对城市水环境改善的作用。 在具体应用研究上以大连市为背景，选取大工校园为具体研究区域，进行了雨水资源利用的系统分析。初步研究成果如下：①对大连市的降雨进行分析。得到大连市90多年和近50年的降雨分布、降雨量和雨水利用的关系，作为雨水利用量计算基础数据。②对大工校园教学区域按照等高线分布和具体考察，划分2个集水流域。并根据地面种类对2个流域进行集雨区域面积划分和计算。③分析计算流域内各种地面收集的雨水量，并且计算大工校园内的绿地和草坪用水。最后对大工校园流域内收集的雨水量与校园内绿化用水进行分析验证，得到绿化用水的水量仅占收集的雨水量73％和73.8％。④计算大工校园雨水设计流量，对流域内贮留池进行设计，分析贮留池与重现期的关系。给出大工校园的雨水传输方案。⑤水质分析。调查大工校园雨水污染的来源。并且针对2003年6月5日、2003年6月10日、2003年7月7日所取得的典型地点的雨水水样进行测定分析。比较新老材料的屋顶雨水水质、不同道路上的雨水水质、短历时降雨的水质变化等。⑥通过对大工校园教学区域的建筑屋顶雨水污染总量计算，得到带入环境的COD总量。给出雨水利用处理的工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fast development of cities caused a series of water problems. On the one hand, with the centralization of the people and the economic activities, extension of the urban buildings and increase of the area of impervious stratum, the flood caused by urban storm flow cannot be neglected. On the other hand, new water-supply source is urgently demanded for the scarcity of urban fresh water. As a kind of slightly polluted water source, rainwater has less contaminations and it can be used as domestic water and industrial water by simply treatment. So the exploitation of the urban rainwater and making best use of the urban rainwater will be the effective measures of the water-saving city.The primary purpose of this paper is to research the utilization of urban rainwater and the improvement of urban water environmental system. Based on the investigation of the present research of the utilization of urban rainwater, it analyze the influence of urbanization on water source, water environmental system and water circulation, the relationship of the urbanization, water environmental system and the utilization of urban rainwater, and research the necessity and feasibility of the utilization of urban rainwater; The utilization ways are classified and the utilization modes are discussed; On the ground of the theoretical basis of the utilization of urban rainwater, the basic mode and procedure of the utilization of urban rainwater are established and discussed; After the discussion of the landscape and its contribution to the improvement of urban water environmental system and the analysis of the theory and facilities of rainfall penetration, the effect of rainfall penetration on the improvement of urban water environmental system is presented.On the specific application study, the paper makes a systematic analysis of the utilization of rainwater on the campus of DLUT in Dalian. The findings of the paper are as follows: ㏕he analysis of rainfall gives the relationships of distribution of rain, rainfall and the utilization of rainwater as basic data for the utilization of rainwater. ㏕he campus of DLUT is divided into two drainage areas according to the contour line, and then the two drainage areas are dividedAbstractinto smaller areas according to ground types. (3)Rainfall that can be collected in each smaller area and the water amount used on lawn are calculated. The amounts of two kinds of water are compared and then we can see that water amounts used on lawn are 73% and 73.8% of rainwater that can be collected in two drainage areas respectively. (4)Design flow of rainwater on the campus of DLUT is calculated, retention basins in two drainage areas are designed, the relationship between retention basin and rainfall reappearing period is analyzed and transfer scheme of rainfall is attained. (5)Rainwater samples got from representative places are analyzed three times. The qualities of rainwater fallen on old and new roofs and diverse roads are compared. Change of the rainwater qualities is also analyzed. Then sources of contaminations in rainwater are investigated. (6)Based on the calculation of total pollutants in the rainwater fallen on roofs, we get the gross COD taken into the environment. Then process of the utilization of rainwater is put forward.更多还原