【作者】 陶辰；

【导师】 汪爱勤；

【作者基本信息】 第四军医大学 ， 社会医学与卫生事业管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目的 目前随着对大学生心理健康状况的日益关注，军校学员的心理健康状况也越来越受到有关学者的重视。健康的心理状况不仅对学员现阶段的学习、生活，而且对于其以后的发展都是至关重要的。由于当今社会大变革所引起的心理失衡、军队院校编制体制调整和教学改革的深入以及军校的紧张气氛以及竞争压力的增大，军校大学生的心理健康状况面临着极大的挑战，研究军医大学不同培养类型学员心理健康状况及其相关因素，为人才培养、加强教育管理提供了依据，有着重要的意义。综合目前国内的研究状况，本文进行了以下四方面的研究：①对军校军医学员不同专业和不同年级的心理健康状况和个性特征进行描述性研究。②了解军队理工院校不同入学层次学员(中专、大专、本科及士官)的心理健康状况。③研究了军医学员参加军事演练期间的心理健康状况。④研究了军队医学研究生的心理健康状况。方法①整群抽样，采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格修订量表(EPQ)调查了军医大学护理专业大专、中专、医疗专业本科(2年级和5年级)共719人的个性特征和心理健康状况。②整群抽样，采用SCL-90和焦虑自评量表(SAS)，流调中心量表(CES-D)问卷，调查了理工科不同专业层次学生的焦虑、抑郁及整体心理健康状况水平及其可能影响因素。③调查了某军校第四军医大学硕士学位论文2001年参加军事演练的全体学员，采用SCL一90、SAS和CES一D。研究了参加演练期间学员的心理健康状况。④采用SCL一90、EPQ、SAS和CES一D调查2003年某军校入学的全体硕士研究生的心理健康状况和个性特征以及可能的影响因素。结果:1.整体看来从中专、大专、本科低年级、本科高年级心理状况SCL一90的评分由高到低，SCL一90各项指标(除敌对因子外)的趋势扩检验P<0.05。军校学员心理健康状况的前三位症状有强迫、人际关系敏感和抑郁(护理专业)或敌对(医疗本科)。EPQ各维度比较发现中专和大专学生在E分和N分差别显著。而医疗本科生二、五年级各量表间无差异。在护理专业大专一、二年级学生差异不显著而E分、N分在中专一、二年级学生间存在差异，E分一年级高于二年级而N分则二年级高于一年级。在不同年级及不同专业中N分都同SCL一90各项指标正相关P<0.01。大中专学员L分都与P分负相关P<0.01，中专学生的L分还同N分负相关P<0.05。在大专学生E分同SCL一90各项指标相关不显著，中专学生E分同强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、偏执及阳性项目数，总分，总均分负相关。L分在大专、中专学生同SCL一90大多数指标都负相关，而在本科生中则同SCL一90各项指标相关不显著。2.比较理工科不同专业层次学生的焦虑、抑郁及整体心理健康状况水平及其可能影响因素，发现SCL一90的多项指标、焦虑指数、抑郁水平在不同层次的学生中有不同程度的分布差异显著 (尸<0.05，尸<0.01)。整体学生中有21 .57%一44.64%的学员心理症状较为突出，有13.73%一35.71%的学生肯定有抑郁症状其中以中专生心理阳性症状、抑郁状态最为突出。3 .n.8%一29.6%的参演学员有突出的心理症状，巧.1%一34.6%的参演学员存在抑郁症状。C组的参演学员的阳性症状、焦虑、抑郁评分较其他两组都高。参演学员的焦虑自评量表评分及CES一D第四军医大学硕士学位论文评分在不同组别显著存在差异，护理专业学员的评分与其他两组均存在显著差异。有抑郁状态的学员在护理专业参演学员占34.6%。4.研究生心理健康状况的精神症状主要为强迫、人际关系敏感、偏执、敌对、抑郁。EPQ测验结果男性研究生P分值高于女性研究生，而女性研究生的L分值高于男性。而在自我评价不同性格类型的研究生中，SCL一90指标的评分均以性格内向型研究生的评分高，但只有人际关系敏感和精神病性评分差异显著。结论 1、军校学员的心理健康状况，在不同的大学生层次、学业阶段存在差异。整体来看入学层次高的学员(研究生、本科生)的心理健康状况较入学层次低的学员(中专生、大专生)要好。在整个学业阶段，新入学时大学生的心理健康阳性症状多于以后的各个学业阶段。 2、影响军校学员心理健康的症状因子主要为强迫、人际关系敏感、偏执、敌对、抑郁等。学员的EPQ量表的各纬度评分(E、N、P、L)与SCL一90的指标存在关联。学员自评的性格特征(内向型、外向型、中间型)与其心理健康状况联系密切。表现为自我评价性格内向型的学员表现更多的心理阳性症状。 3、在健康教育中，根据不同层次类型学员心理健康状况特点，采取针对性的教育引导措施，如加强学员个性培养、适应能力，积极应对的教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aim of the Study:Now days with the increasing focus on the phychologecal health of the college students ,the phychological health of the cadets in the military academy also arouses more and more . Healthy mental status is important for their current studies, lives and even their development in the future. Due to the mental unbalance caused by the big society transform, the adjustment of military university system and further reform of teaching, and the tensional atmosphere and increasing competitive pressure in the military universities, these cadets are facing the great challenges to their mental health status. So the study of different types of cadets from military medical universities on their health mental status and relevant factors, offering important evidence to the cultivation of talents, and intensifying educational administration, is of great significance. Integrating the current domestic research results, the article conducts a research on the following aspects: (1) A descriptive research on cadets’ mental health status andpersonality of different specialties and different grades in themilitary universities.(2)The understanding of cadets’ mental health status studying in the colleges of science and engineering at different enrolling level(the technical secondary school level, junior college level, undergraduate level, and the petty officer level).(3) An investigation into the mental health status of medical cadets during the periods of performing their military exercises.(4) A study of military medical postgraduates on their mental health status.Methods:1 Sample for the study consists of 719 cadets majoring in nursing and medicine respectively, at different grades, the measures include symptom SCL-90, and EPQ. 2, the SCL-90, SAS, and CES-D questionnaire are applied in the study of cadets majoring in science and engineering on their anxieties, depression, whole mental health status and other possible factors. C.SCL-90, SAS and CES-D are applied in the investigation of the all cadets in some universities who had performed military exercises in 2001 into their mental health status. D. SCL-90, EPQ, SAS and CES-D are used in the research of military postgraduate in some military university on their mental health status, personalities and other possible factors.Results:As a whole, the mental status of cadets at different grades are ranging from bad to good, and the every index of SCL-90(except hostility gene) (P<0.05). The top 3 Symptoms that affect the cadets’ mental health status are respectively obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and depression (for nursing major) or hostility (formedicine major). It turned out a notable difference between the scores of E scale and N scale of those cadets at technical secondary school level and junior college level, after the comparison among dimensions of EPQ. While considering the rating scales, there is no difference between the second-year and five-year medical students. There is no remarkable difference in first-year students and second-year students who are majoring in nursing at junior college level. But there is a difference between first-year students and second-year students on the scores of E scale and N scale; on the scores of E scale, first-year students are higher than second-year students, whereas in reverse on the scores of N scale. The correlation between the scores on N scale of those cadets from different grades and different specialties and each index of SCL-90 is positive (P<0.01); there is a negative correlation between the scores on L scale and scores on P scale of those cadets at technical secondary school level and junior college level (P<0.01); there is also a negative correlation between the scores on L scale and scores on N scale of those cadets at technical secondary school level. There is no remarkable correlation between the scores on E scale of students at junior college level and each index of SCL-90. The scores on E scale of cadets at technical secondary school level have a nega更多还原