【作者】 周芳；

【导师】 段玉峰；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着物质生活水平的提高，人们对食品需求已从量的满足转向质的提高，追求绿色和保健已成为人们的消费时尚。国内外许多专家预测，21世纪人们将更加注重自我保健，回归自然和追求健康将成为食品消费的主流。山野菜以其天然纯净、营养丰富和具有多种食疗保健功能，拥有药用、食用等商业开发价值，成为蔬菜产业中的热点。 汉中山区山野菜资源丰富，种类多、分布广、数量大，许多山野菜营养价值很高，有的还含有独特的营养成分或良好的药用价值，是开发新食品的自然宝库。目前，关于汉中山区山野菜资源的研究开发报导很少，本文对汉中山区的山野菜资源作了初步的调查研究，并对8种特色山野菜做了较系统的营养成分测评，为全国性山野菜资源调查提供区域性资料、为汉中山区山野菜资源的合理开发利用提供一定的基础依据。 本文通过民间寻访为主，并辅以文献查阅的方法对汉中山区山野菜资源进行调查统计，并进行鉴定、分类。结果表明：汉中山区山野菜种类共计119科348属587种，其中，种子植物门山野菜种类最多，为84科296属427种，占全部山野菜种类的80.41％：以资源质地分类，草本山野菜占全部山野菜种类的58.94％，为52科346种；木本山野菜占全部山野菜种类的20.10％，为36科118种；真菌类占全部山野菜种类的17.38％，为26科102种。在统计调查的基础上，对贮量较大且民间喜食、常食的71科113种山野菜的生态环境、分布规律、食用部位、民间食用风俗以及医疗保健功效进行了比较系统的报导；分析了汉中山区所具有的自然、历史、经济、科技优势及汉中山区开发山野菜资源的可行性；依托汉中山区自然资源优势和社会环境优势，提出了山野菜开发利用措施：(1)进行重要种类的营养成分和开发利用价值的研究；(2)进行珍稀特有种类的驯化和人工栽培的研究；(3)进行山野菜产品的深加工工艺技术研究。以形成山野菜研究开发利用的良好格局。 本文又在调查统计的基础上，对民间食用广泛、食用方便且品质良好的8种特色山野菜做了较系统的分析研究。8种山野菜分别为：①省沽油(Staphyleabumalda DC．Prodr．)：为省沽油科省沽油属；②腐婢(Premna microphylla Turcz．)：为马鞭草科豆腐柴属；⑨石蒜(Lycoris radiata(L’Herit．)Herb．)：为石蒜科石蒜属；④蕺菜(Houttugnia cordata Thunb．)：为三白草科蕺菜属；⑤垂盆草(Sedum~ento叙m Bge.):为景天科景天属;⑥黄篙(〔公月jm~L.):为伞形科置离属;⑦水芹(口e~th。了。，。”ica(B 1.)Dc.Prodr.):为伞形科水芹属;⑧篇蓄(而伙卯numaviculare L.):为要科要属。分析项目为:水分、灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖、还原糖、维生素C、胡萝卜素、总黄酮、氨基酸种类及其含量。结果表明: 水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪以省沽油含量最高。 粗纤维以垂盆草含量最高。 总糖、还原糖以石蒜含量最高。 还原糖占总糖百分比、维生素C、胡萝卜素以篇蓄含量最高. 总黄酮以水芹含量最高。 总氨基酸、必需氨基酸以省沽油含量最高。 必需氨基酸占总氨基酸百分比以篇蓄最高。 氨基酸比值系数分以垂盆草最高。 综上所述:8种特色山野菜营养成分比较齐全，营养价值总体优于日常栽培蔬菜，其中以省沽油、篇蓄、垂盆草表现最优。8种山野菜是优良的天然食品资源，具有开发利用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract: With the improvement of the living standard, the requirement for food has been transferred from quantity to quality. The pursuit of green and health became a fashion. Domestic and international experts predict that people will lay more emphasis on health, so returning to nature and pursuing health will become the mainstream of food-consumption in the 21st century. Wild vegetables are natural, pure and nutritional. With a variety of therapy function, they are valuable in exploitation of food and medicine and become the highlight of vegetable industry.There are abundant wild vegetables resources in Hanzhong district, various in style, wide in distribution and large in quantity. A lot of wild vegetables have very high nutritive value. Some of them have unique nutritive ingredient or favorable medical value. At present, there are few introductions about the exploitation and research of the wild vegetables in Hanzhong. This article made a preliminary investigation on the wild vegetables in Hanzhong, and took systematic tests on the nutritious ingredients of 8 characteristic wild vegetables. It will offer regional materials to nationwide investigations of wild vegetables. Also it will offer some basic data to the exploitation of wild vegetables in Hanzhong.Based on first-hand materials through field investigation and relational literatures, this article made an analysis on the wild vegetables in Hanzhong, and also made determination and classification. The result shows, there are totally 119 families of wild vegetables, including 348 genus and 587 species, among which Spermatophyta is the largest one in classification and includes 84 families, 296 genus and 427 species, taking 80.41% of all classified by resource quality, herbaceous wild vegetables take 58.94%, belonging to 52 families and 346 species. Woody wild vegetables take 20.10%, belonging to 36 families and 118 species. The fungi account for 17.38%, belonging to 26 families, 102 species. On the basis of census, the article introduces the ecological environments, the distribution, edible position, eating custom, medical and healthful functions of some wild vegetables, which involve 71 families, 113 species which people often eat. The article analyzed the natural, historical, economic and scientific advantage in Hanzhong and its feasibilities of developing wild vegetable as well. Also the article put forward some suggestions on how to exploit wild vegetables. These suggestions include: (1) Survey on the nutritious ingredients and exploitation value of principle wild vegetables. (2) Investigation to the domestication of some same species. (3) Researchon the deep processing technology. The aim of these researches is to form a better situation of the exploitation of wild vegetables.The article makes systematic analysis and researches on the 8 characteristic wild vegetables that are widely eaten and have good qualities. They are as follows: 1 staphylea bumalda DC. Prodr. 2 Premna microphylla Turcz. 3 Lycoris radiata Herb.4 Houttugnia cordata Thunb. 5.Sedum sarmentosum Bge. 6. Carum carvi L. 7 Oenanthe javanica Prodr. 8 Polygonum aviculare L. The analysis item: water content, inorganic, coarse fiber, crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, reduce sugar, vitamin C, carotene, total flavonoids, amino acid.The results shows:The content of water, inorganic, crude protein and crude fat in Staphylea bumalda is the highest.The coarse fiber content of the Sedum sarmentosum is the highest.The content of total sugar and reduce sugar in Lycoris radiata is the highest.The content of the proportion of the reduce sugar in total sugar, vitamin C, carotene in Polygonum aviculare L. is the highest.Oenanthe javanica has the most total flavonoids.The content of the total amino acid and essential amino acid in Staphylea bumalda is the highest.The proportion of the essential amino acid in total amino acid in Polygonum aviculare L is the highest.In sum, these eight kinds of characteristic wild vegetables have more complete nutritional compositions. The nutri更多还原