【作者】 吴骏逸；

【导师】 陈邦林； 陆维昌；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的进步，特别是化学工业的发展促进了社会进步和生活水平提高。但同时由于不合理开发与化学物质排放使得环境特别是水资源，易受到前所未有的污染。因此水质的改善也就成了现代社会不得不重视的问题。化学能够带来灾难，同时化学可带来幸福，化学可以治理好环境、改善环境。水处理工艺中要涉及到许多界面过程，界面化学的应用在水处理过程中是不可缺少的。但是目前对界面科学的认识和研究还不成熟，本文就是从固—气—液的界面过程出发来研究水处理问题。 国家自然科学基金委的“自然科学学科发展战略调研报告”中指出：污染控制化学研究有赖于并促进表面化学(吸附、催化等)、胶体化学(絮凝、沉淀理论等)、化学分离工程和化学反应工程(低浓度系统)等学科的发展，也促进了污染控制技术、资源合理开发与利用、清洁生产技术等方面的发展。从中可见胶体和界面科学技术在环境治理和污染控制过程中起到重要的作用。 本文研究探讨了微电解反应过程中硝基苯降解的情况，这是固液界面过程。同时探讨了降解硝基苯的微电解反应动力学。通过实验发现，硝基苯在微酸性或中性的条件下，能够被大量地转化，从而可提高整个污水体系的可生化性。通过动力学模拟研究，发现可以通过控制整个反应过程的停留时间，来提高降解、转化硝基苯的效率。 国内外已经逐渐采用气浮技术来处理污水，但一般都是使用微孔曝气，此过程产生的气泡较大，气泡的利用效率较低。本文中实验是通过自行组装的微气泡发生装置，产生微气泡；然后探讨了产生的微气泡的性质并将产生的微气泡用来处理污染的河水和污水，同时使用本实验室陈邦林教授设计研制的JM99C型双驱动态膜压记录仪，对处理过的污水的膜压以及滞回环的指标测定。实验发现，微气泡技术对污水的COD和BOD的降解趋势相同，膜压和滞回环指标显示，污水经过微气泡的处理后，其可生化性提高。这种研究方法还未见报道。 生物膜法是一种高效的废水处理方法，与传统的废水生物方法相比，具有许多优点，例如：产生的污泥量少，不会引起污泥膨胀，对废水的水质和水量的变动具有较好的适应能力；运行管理较方便、简易等。此技术的关键是形成性能良譬，东~学申请硕士学位论文摘要好的生物膜，生物膜的形成及其生长是实现污水有效处理的前提。生物膜的载体的选用也是一个关键。本文主要研究新型无机悬浮材料在固定化生物膜处理技术中的应用。由于无机材料表面的带电性质，有利于微生物粘附，同时又有悬浮性，使得微生物膜处理技术的效率提高。 将固一液、气一液和固(生物)一液三个界面反应过程联合使用，是本文的新的探索。将多种界面技术联合使用，可为水处理开发新技术提出一些思路。其中内在的多变因素以及效率提高等还有待进一步研究和探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the advance of science and technology, especially chemistry, the development of industry promotes the social progress and raises people’s living standard. At the same time, with unreasonable development and the drain of chemical material, environment, especially water resource has been polluted unprecedentedly. So the improvement of water quality becomes a problem that modern society has to value. Chemistry can cause disaster, at the same time, chemistry can bring happiness, chemistry can control environment and improve environment too. The technology of water treatment involves a lot of interface course and interface chemistry, which are necessary in the course of water treatment. However, the research and the knowledge on interface science are still not perfect. This paper is to study the problem of water treatment on the basis of the interface course of solid-gas-liquid.The Report of Investigation on the Development Stratagem of Natural Science released by nation nature science fund committee points out: The research of pollution control chemisty depends on and promotes interface chemistry (adsorption, catalysis etc.), colloid chemistry (flocculation, sediment theory etc.), chemistry separation engineering and chemical reaction engineering (low concentration system) etc, and it also promotes the development of the pollution control technology, resource reasonable exploitation and utilization, clean production technology and other aspects.lt is evident that colloid & interface science and technology have an important effect on environment and pollutes control course.This paper has studied and discussed the reducing of nitrobenzene in the microelectrolysis reaction course, which is a solid-liquid interface course. And it has discussed the dynamics of microelectrolysis reaction of nitrobenzene’s reducing as well. In the experiment, it has been discovered that in the mild acid or neutral condition nitrobenzene can be changed in large quantities, so that entire sewage system becomes easy to convert by biochemical method. Through dynamics simulation research, it has been discovered that, the efficiency of reducing andchanging nitrobenzene can be increased by controlling the stopover time of entire reaction course.Flotation technology, but usually by using the tiny hole puffing air, have been gradually applied to dispose sewage domestically and internationally , in which the bubbles produced are larger, and the efficiency of the use of bubble is lower. In this experiment, equipment is assembled independently to produce microbubbles, then the nature of microbubble and how to use microbubbles produced to dispose polluted river water and sewage were discussed. At the same time, an instrument of double-drive dynamic membrane pressure designed by Professor Chen Banglin ( the JM99C model) in this laboratory was applied to measure membrane pressure and area of hystersis loop of the disposed sewage. It is discovered in the experiment that there’s an identical decrease trend of the COD and BOD of the sewage disposed by microbubble technology. And the membrane presses and area of hystersis loop show that after being disposed by microbubbles, biochemical conversion ability of sewage can be raised. This kind of research method has not been reported in the literature.Biological film is a kind of efficient method of water treatment. Comparing with the tradition water biological method, biological film has a lot of advantages, such as: it produced less mud, will not arouse mud expansion, is adapt to the change of the quality and quantity of the sewage, and is easy and convenient to manage, etc. The key of this technology is to form biological film with good function. The growth and formation of biological film are the prerequisite to effective sewage disposing. The selection of the carrier of biological film is also a key. This paper mainly studued new inorganic suspended material used in the fixed biological film handling technology. Because of the electrical nature of inorganic material surface, microorganism i更多还原