【作者】 王秋霞；

【导师】 王孟本；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选取太原市区为研究区域，以1：2.5万彩红外航空影像为信息源，在MAPGIS环境下根据解译结果绘制城区绿地图，并建立数据库。在此基础上，对各种绿地类刑的斑块大小、形状、分形特征以及整体格局进行定量分析，研究了太原市区绿地的景观格局特征。结论如下： 1．城区绿地斑块大小分布极不均衡，8种类型都是以小斑块为最多。8种类型斑块大小分布中，7种类型服从对数正态分布。单位附属绿地和公园绿地占总面积的比例最大，优势较强。单位附属绿地斑块数量虽多，但平均面积小，因此较公园绿地破碎化程度高。 2．形状指数1(S11)随斑块面积的增大而减小；形状指数2(S12)随斑块面积的增大而增大。居住绿地与圆形最接近，形状较紧凑；行道树与圓形相差最大，形状较松散。前者有利于储存能量、养分和增加生物多样性；后者易于促进斑块内部和外部因子的相互作用。 3．各种绿地类型的分维数均小于2，说明整体上这些景观组分斑块边界的褶皱程度都较低。生产性绿地的分维数最小，防护绿地的分维数最大，接近于1.5，说明生产性绿地的边界格局最简单，防护绿地的边界格局最复杂。 4．各种绿地类型面积悬殊不大，故均匀度较高，优势度较小。居住绿地的破碎化程度最大，公园最小。城市村落分离度最大：单位附属绿地和居住绿地分离度最小。景观组分类型斑块数多样性(1.31082)＜景观组分类型周长多样性(1.39592)＜景观组分类型面积多样性(1.69751)＜等概率情形下景观组分类型多样性(2.07944)。因此景观类型周长、面积与斑块数分布都极不均衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 A study on greenland landscape of Taiyuan city proper was conducted. Large-scale aerial photographs (1:25000) were used as information source, greenland map was made through MAPGIS software, and a related database was set up. Based on the database, the current landscape pattern characteristics were analyzed in this paper, which include patch size, patch shape, patch fractal dimension and landscape pattern as a whole. The research findings are as follows:1.The distributions of patch size are extremely uneven in eight types of greenland, each of which includes many small patches, and most of them show a lognormal pattern of distribution. The area of affiliated greenland or parks is bigger than that of other types, so both of them are the main components. Though the number of patch of affiliated greenland is larger, its average area is smaller, so its degree of fragmentation is higher.2. The shape index 1 (SI1) becomes smaller as the patch becomes bigger; the shape index 2 (S12) becomes larger as the patch becomes bigger. The residential greenland is similar to circle and more compact; the shape of shade trees is greatly different to circle and quite loose. The former benefits reserving energy and nutrient, and increasing the biodiversity; and the later could promote the interaction between its inner and outer components.3. The calculated Df values of all types are less than 2, indicating a low degree of perimeter complexity as a whole. The Df of production greenland is small; the Df of shelter forest is large, indicating that production greenland has simplest perimeter pattern, while shelter forest most complex perimeter pattern.4. There aren’t great disparities in areas among all types. So the degree of evenness is high and the dominance is low. The degree of fragmentation of residential greenland is highest, that of parks lowest. The degree of separation of urban country is highest, those of affiliated and residential greenland lowest. According to the diversity indices of number of patch, area and equal probability, the distributions of perimeter, area and the number of patch are extremely uneven.更多还原