【作者】 哈斯其木格；

【导师】 张武文；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 科尔沁沙地是我国东部地区最大的沙地，基本景观类型由坨地景观和甸地景观组成，坨甸景观在科尔沁沙地东南部地区发育最为典型，并具有坨地景观与甸地景观相间分布的景观格局。近些年来在自然和人为因素的作用下，坨甸景观格局发生了较大变化，对当地的生态环境产生了重要影响。本文应用遥感技术和地理信息系统，通过对遥感影像解译，结合地面调查，研究科尔沁沙地东南部坨甸景观的变化状况，分析变化的原因，为科尔沁沙地的综合治理与合理利用，提供科学依据。研究采用TM影像图解译法，提取了研究区1987年及2000年相关景观指标原始数据，并应用景观生态学方法计算两期景观指标，进行对比分析，发现尽管在局部地区出现了湿地景观面积增加，半固定沙丘景观和流动沙丘景观向固定沙丘景观转化的逆转趋势，但总体上研究区景观格局发生了坨地景观面积扩展，甸地景观面积缩小，甸地景观向坨地景观转化，坨地景观中流动沙丘景观面积增加的变化趋势 。在此基础上通过对气候、水文等自然因素及开垦、放牧等人为因素进行综合分析，认为除自然条件周期性变化的影响外，人口增加，人类活动加剧是导致区域荒漠化过程加快，引起坨甸景观格局变化的主导因素。由此，提出了科尔沁沙地治理的生态对策，应以区域荒漠化防治为主，根据地区自然条件变化规律，支持自然环境的自我恢复能力，加快草原生态建设步伐，以保证社会经济的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Horqin sandy land is the largest sandy land in the east area of China, and its basic landscape consists of the landscape of dune and wetland, of which the landscape of dune is typically developed in the southeast part of Horqin sandy land and has a landscape pattern of distribution between the landscape of dune and wetland. In the recent years, owing to the natural and human factors, the pattern of the landscape of dune has changed greatly, which greatly affects the local ecological environment. The paper researches the changes of the landscape of dune in the southeast part of Horqin sandy land, as well as the analysis of the causes of its changes by using remote sensing image, geographical information system and through the combination of the explanation of remote sensing images with the survey on the earth surface. Therefore, a scientific evidence will be provided for the comprehensive treatment and rational utility of Horqin sandy land. Based on TM image explanation, index and the original data of the landscape in 1987 and 2000, by means of employing landscape ecological method, the two indexes of the landscape have been calculated and compared, and the results show that , on the whole, the landscape of dune in the researching place has extended, wetland narrowed, and the wetland begins to turn into the landscape of dune, there is a tendency that the migratory dune is increasing, although there appears the increasing wetland in the local area, and there is a tendency that half-anchored and migratory dune is turning into anchored dune. After the comprehensive analysis of climate, hydrology, reclamation and livestock farming, the increasing population and the human activities is the dominating factors that lead to the spreading of desertification and changes of the landscape pattern except for the influence of the cyclic variation of natural conditions. On the basis of research results, the ecological policy of treating Horqin sandy land is that the prevention of local desertification is put at the first, and the pace of grassland ecological construction will be speeded, according to the regulation of the changes of natural conditions, supporting the natural environment to self-restore. Thus, the sustainable development of social economy can be guaranteed.更多还原