【作者】 孙华叶；

【导师】 吕彤；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要建立了一套用于无机微滤膜性能测试与表征的检测装置与方法，研究了固态粒子烧结法制备无机微滤膜的工艺条件，以所建立装置测定膜的孔径大小与分布、孔隙率和通量，同时对膜的微观结构进行表征(SEM法)，得到了完整无缺陷、孔径大小和孔隙率等膜性能可调控的无机微滤膜。 首先结合实验室条件建立陶瓷微滤膜孔径大小及分布的测试装置与方法，通过Origin软件对数据进行加权处理，并将得到的结果与南京工业大学膜科学与技术研究所的处理结果相比较，结果表明建立的装置与数据处理方法准确可靠；改进国标法测试陶瓷孔隙率的装置和方法，比较抽真空法和煮沸法的区别，结果表明抽真空法更准确可靠；建立气体输送法测定膜通量装置；并于试验后发现鸡蛋清法测超率膜的截留率不宜用于微滤膜。 然后考察了固态粒子烧结法制备氧化铝微滤膜的工艺条件。实验表明，不同添加剂的粒度大小对膜性能有显著影响，添加剂粒度越细，所得膜孔径越小，分布越窄；通过调节致孔剂、烧结助剂的种类和用量，烧结温度、保温时间和升温速率等影响因素可以调控膜的性能。各种影响因素相互制约，尤其在致孔剂含量较高时(＞20％)，要严格控制烧结初期的升温速率，以确保制得无缺陷膜。因此在膜的制备时要根据不同膜的用途综合考虑各种影响因素。 实验制得的微滤膜最可几孔径0.26μm，孔隙率32.15％，0.2Mpa压力下水的通量为488.5L/(m~2·h)，所制得的膜既可用作微滤膜，也可用作超滤膜的载体。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, a suit of testing device and method were made use of characterizing inorganic membrane performance were set up. The preparation technics of alumina ceramic microfiltration membrane by solid-state-particles sintering method were investigated. The pore size distribution, porsity, flux of water and the microstructure were characterizated by testing device and SEM. Free-detect microfiltration which microstructure and performance parameters could be controlled were obtained.Firstly, the device and method of testing pore size distribution were set up acording to the experimnet condition. The data were disposed through Origin software and the disposed result compared with which were dealed with by the research center of membrane science & technique of Nanjing Polytechnic University was credible. The device and method of testing ceramic porosity by Nation Standard were improved on. The results of vacuum method and ferv method had been carefully checked and compared and the former was exact. The device of testing water flux was set up, too. Research proved that the method which fresh egg albumin was used to measure rejection ration of ultrafiltration membrane could not be used in microfiltration membrane.Secondly, the preparation of alumina microfiltration membrane by solid-state-particles sintering was studied . The result showed that the power size of different additive had great effect on membrane performance . If the power size of additive was smaller, the pore size distribution was more narrow. The membrane performance could be adjusted by changing the variety and dosage of pore-forming additive and sintering additive, sintering temperature, sintering time and increasing velocity of sintering temperature. Increasing velocity of sintering temperature in initial stage of sintering should be controlled accurately to ensure that free-detect microfiltration membrane was obtained, especially when pore-forming additive was much more (>20%). Therefore, all sorts of factors should be considered comprehensively according to the use of different membrane.The characteristics of alumina microfiltration membranes obtained in this paper had met the need of microfiltration, which were: the most pore size 0.26 u m , porosity 32.15% , pure water permeability flux 488.5L/(m2 h) (under the pressure of 0.2Mpa). The membrane obtained could be used as microfiltration , and the support of ultrafiltration as well as.更多还原