【作者】 时花平；

【导师】 张卫江；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 化学工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在化工、石油化工、医药工业、生物化工等以生产各种物料和材料的化工类工业生产部门中以及环境保护工程中，混合物的分离占有极重要的地位。对于具有恒沸现象的液体混合物，应用普通精馏方法难以对其进行有效的分离，萃取精馏或者萃取与精馏的耦合方法能达到分离的效果。本文综述了萃取精馏和萃取中萃取剂的作用原理、选择依据、选择方法，以及分批萃取精馏和萃取近年来的研究进展和应用。针对苯和环己烷二元物系，分别以N、N－二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜和二者的混合物为萃取剂，进行了分批萃取精馏实验研究，考察了两个操作参数回流比和溶剂流率对分离效果的影响，结果表明：随着回流比和溶剂流率的增加，分离效果增强；三种萃取剂均能对苯和环己烷进行一定的分离，但分离效果不同，N、N－二甲基甲酰胺的最好、其次是二者的混合物，最后是二甲基亚砜；在本实验中最好的分离条件是以N、N－二甲基甲酰胺为萃取剂，溶剂流率为12.33ml/min，回流比为6。针对甲醇、甲基正丁醚和正氯丁烷三元混合物，研究了该物系的性质，得到该物系不是三元共沸物的结论，并用水作萃取剂，通过实验验证了利用萃取和精馏耦合的方法分离该物系的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The separation of the mixture is important in chemical, petrochemical, medical, biochemical industries. Liquid mixture having azeotropic phenomenon cannot be separated by conventional distillation. But extractive distillation and combination of extractive and distillation can be valid for them.This paper summarizes the impact principle, choice basis, choice method of extractive solvent, and the research progress, application of batch extractive distillation and extractive in recent years. The batch extractive distillation experiment to separate benzene and cyclohexane was carried out with N,N－dimethylformide, dimethyl sulfoxide and their mixture as extractive solvent in this paper. The effect of operation parameter of solvent flow rate and reflux ratio on the separation result was studied. The experiment showed that the separation effect was improved with the increase of solvent flow rate and the reflux ratio. All the three extractive solvent can separate benzene and cyclohexane to some extent. The best was N,N－dimethylformide, the next was the mixture, and the last was dimethyl sulfoxide. In the experiment the best operation condition was with N,N－dimethylformide as extractive solvent, the solvent flow rate being 12.33ml/min, the reflux ratio being 6. Meanwhile, experiment with the ternary mixture of methanol, butyl methyl ether and 1-chlorobytane showed that the system was not ternary azeotrope and can be separated by combination of extractive and rectification using water as extractive solvent.更多还原