【作者】 李长洪；

【导师】 赵新华； 邢振纲；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种先进的管理思想，目标管理在企业管理领域有着广泛的应用，并取得了巨大的成功。在行政管理领域，尤其在环境管理方面，目标管理也有着旺盛的生命力和巨大的潜力。经济社会的发展和环境保护形势的变化也要求有科学、规范、高效的环境管理体系与之相适应。本研究从这一点出发，对目标管理思想在环境管理领域的应用进行了系统的研究，初步建立起环境目标管理体系的框架。根据目标管理思想，本研究论述阐明当前环境管理的总体目标应确定为改善环境质量和改善生态环境。首先从概念上分析了这两个总体目标的区别与联系，说明我国现阶段的环境管理工作必须坚持污染防治即改善环境质量与生态保护即改善生态环境并行的必要性。根据两个目标的特点，分别建立了评价模型。对环境质量的评价中采用了多层次模糊综合评价的数学方法，并对环境质量评价中涉及的隶属度的确定和模糊综合评价结果向量的分析两个重要环节做出了改进。生态环境评价中对经济、社会和环境组成的三维复合系统的协同性和均衡约束机制进行了分析，并介绍了生态环境评价方法——层次分析法。环境目标管理体系的运行是本研究的核心内容。本研究应用博弈论原理，说明了提高环境管理效率能促进污染者减少污染物排放和治理污染，改善环境质量。通过对环境目标管理体系定位的分析，给出了环境管理机构的设置模式。通过对经济手段的作用分析，分别论述了排污收费、总量控制、发展循环经济和培育完善的环保市场体系等手段对实现目标的作用，并讨论了环境目标管理体系运行中如何运用这些手段。探讨了环境目标管理体系与ISO14001环境管理体系相结合的可能性,并对两者结合的方式进行了详细的论述。本研究最后根据天津市环保局多年来探索和实施环境目标管理的实践，对环境目标管理的绩效进行了分析，其中包括环境质量的全面改善、环境与经济“双赢”格局的形成、环境管理综合能力提高与内外监督机制加强等方面内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 MBO (Management By Objectives), considered as one kind of advanced management idea, is used widely and successfully in the field of business management. At the same time, MBO has vigorous vitality and enormous potentiality in the field of administrative management, especially in the respect of environmental management. On the other hand, scientific, normalized and high effective EMS( Environmental Management System) is required to adapt to the development of economic and society and the variation of environmental protection situation. Starting from this point, this study explored systematically the application of MBO idea in the field of environmental management and established a fundamental framework of EMBO( Environmental Management By Objectives).According to MBO idea, this study expatiated that improving environmental quality and eco-environment should be settled as the total objective for environmental management. Firstly, the difference and relation between this two objectives was analyzed from theirs concept and the necessity of concurrence of pollution prevention and cure( i.e. improving environmental quality) and ecological protection( i.e. improving eco-environment) in current environmental management in China was explained. Secondly, two assessment models were constructed respectively in response to the characteristics of two total objectives. The method of fuzzy multiple comprehensive assessment was applied in the assessment to environmental quality. Two points of improvement were made to the methods of the determination of fuzzy subordinativity and the analysis to the vector of assessment result related to environmental quality assessment. In the assessment to eco-environment, the synergism and the equilibrium constraint mechanics of three-dimensional complex system including economy, society and environment system was analyzed and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process),one kind of assessment method to eco-environment was introduced.The research to the operation of EMBO system is the core of this study. Using the principle of game theory, it was demonstrated that improving the efficiency of environmental management can promote polluters to reduce the discharge of pollutant and cure the pollution, which will improve environmental quality. Through the analysis to positioning of EMBO system, the model of environmental administration was suggested. Based on the analysis to the role of economic measures, the contribution of some measure to realizing object, such as pollutant discharge feeing, total amount control, developing recycle economy, fostering perfect market mechanism for environmental protection industry, was discussed and how to realize these measures in EMBO was suggested. The possibility of the combination of EMBO system and ISO14001 EMS( Environmental Management System) was discussed and the way of combination was expounded in detail.At last, based on the experience of Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau with searching and practicing EMBO in the past years, the performance of EMBO was analyzed, which included the improvement of environmental quality, the forming of double-win situation between economy and environment, the strengthening of <WP=5>comprehensive environmental management ability and the enhancing of internal and external supervision mechanism.更多还原