【作者】 赵小娜；

【导师】 李振富；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着近年来水轮机的引用水头和单机容量的急剧加大，机组振动和厂房结构振动问题越来越受到人们的关注。机组和厂房结构的异常振动可使厂房内的仪器设备失效，机组部件疲劳或破坏，从而影响机组的安全稳定运行，致使电站不能长期合理发挥效益；同时，机组和厂房结构的异常振动及其附带产生的较大的噪声会使现场工作人员产生不适，长时间暴露在较强振动与噪声下，对厂房内工作人员的身心健康会产生不良影响。因此，应该对水电站可能出现的振动进行仔细的研究，并加以控制和预防。本文针对万家寨水利枢纽坝后式水电站厂房采用三维有限元法对其机墩组合结构动力特性及有关问题进行了分析研究，主要得到如下成果：对比研究表明，上部结构对机墩组合结构的自振特性有明显的影响，结构的频率与振型均有变化，因此，在精确计算中，应该考虑上部结构的影响。指出尾水管及尾水副厂房对结构自振特性的影响，对力学模型选取范围问题进行了分析研究。对整个机墩组合结构中的薄弱环节——楼板与风罩局部组合结构进行了自振特性的分析。对电站厂房的机组振源进行分析，并对厂房机墩组合结构以及楼板与风罩组合结构进行了共振校核，给出了相应的防振措施。对正常工况下的机墩组合结构进行动力响应计算，结果表明机墩各处的垂直（竖向）振幅、水平横向与扭转振幅之和均满足规范要求。本文首次采用Meister曲线对电站厂房内振动对人体的影响作出评估，评估时，不能仅以动位移响应值为参考，应将频率这一因素考虑进去，联合进行。得出的结论与电站现场工作人员感觉基本一致。引用工业企业噪声卫生标准对水电站厂房的噪声水平进行了评价，可供参考。呼吁水电站厂房噪声治理标准早日出台，同时，要加强水电站厂房内噪声的治理，以确保工作人员的健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid increase of the reduced head and unit capacity of hydro turbine in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the vibration of units and mill construction. Abnormal vibrations of units and mill construction may cause the equipments in hydroplant inefficient, create fatigue in components of units, consequently, affect safe and stable operation of units, and the benefit of the hydroplant is also influenced. Meanwhile, the abnormal vibration and the huge noise may make the workers discomfort, long-term exposing to the vibration and noise can bring bad effect on body and mind of the workers. Therefore, careful study on the vibration that may appear should be made, and the measures to control and prevent vibrations need to be adopted. In this paper, aiming at Wanjiazhai hydropower station at dam toe, study on the dynamic characteristics of supporting composite construction and other relevant problems with three dimensional finite element method. The main results are as follows：Comparative study shows that the superstructure has obvious influence on the inherent vibration characteristics of supporting composite construction, and the frequency and the mode of vibration are both changed. Therefore, in accurate study, the superstructure should be considered. Point out the effects of considering hydraucone and auxiliary plant of tail water on the inherent vibration characteristics of supporting composite construction, and study the problem of choosing the range of the mechanical modal.Analyze the inherent vibration characteristics of the composite structure of floor and wind tunnel, which is the bottle neck of the supporting composite construction.Study the vibration source in hydroplant, and resonance checking is given to the supporting composite construction and the composite structure of floor and wind tunnel, then give the corresponding antivibration measures.Calculate dynamic response of the supporting composite construction in normal condition. The results show that the vertical displacement and the sum of horizontal and torsional displacement both meet the criterion.In this paper, first evaluate the effects of vibration in hydroplant on people using Meister curve. When evaluating, we should combine dynamic response value and frequency together. The results are consistent with the sense of workers in hydroplant. Valuating the noise in hydroplant with hygienic noise standard of industrial organization is just a reference. Appeal to establishing the standard about controlling noise in hydroplant soon, meanwhile, enhance controlling the noise in hydroplant in order to make the workers healthy.更多还原